Search results for "bacteri"

The fitness effects of synonymous mutations in DNA and RNA viruses.

2011

Despite being silent with respect to protein sequence, synonymous nucleotide substitutions can be targeted by natural selection directly at the DNA or RNA level. However, there has been no systematic assessment of how frequent this type of selection is. Here, we have constructed 53 single random synonymous substitution mutants of the bacteriophages Qb and UX174 by site-directed mutagenesis and assayed their fitness. Analysis of this mutant collection and of previous studies undertaken with a variety of single-stranded (ss) viruses demonstrates that selection at synonymous sites is stronger in RNA viruses than in DNA viruses. We estimate that this type of selection contributes approximately …

Complete sequencing of Novosphingobium sp. PP1Y reveals a biotechnologically meaningful metabolic pattern.

2014

Background Novosphingobium sp. strain PP1Y is a marine α-proteobacterium adapted to grow at the water/fuel oil interface. It exploits the aromatic fraction of fuel oils as a carbon and energy source. PP1Y is able to grow on a wide range of mono-, poly- and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here, we report the complete functional annotation of the whole Novosphingobium genome. Results PP1Y genome analysis and its comparison with other Sphingomonadal genomes has yielded novel insights into the molecular basis of PP1Y’s phenotypic traits, such as its peculiar ability to encapsulate and degrade the aromatic fraction of fuel oils. In particular, we have identified and dissected several highly …

Interplay between Intestinal Bacterial Communities and Unicellular Parasites in a Morbidly Obese Population: A Neglected Trinomial

2022

Obesity is an epidemic causing a metabolic health crisis. Herein, the interactions between the gut prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities, metabolic comorbidities and diet were studied. Stool samples from 56 subjects, 47 with type III obesity and 9 with type II obesity and cardiovascular risk or metabolic disease, were assessed for the richness, diversity and ecology of the bacterial gut community through metagenomics, together with the study of the presence of common unicellular eukaryote parasites (Blastocystis sp., Dientamoeba fragilis and Giardia intestinalis) by qPCR. Clinical information regarding metabolic comorbidities and non-alcoholic hepatic fatty liver disease was gathered. To a…

Evolution of available lysine and furosine contents in milk-based infant formulas throughout the shelf-life storage period

2003

The evolution of the Maillard reaction (MR) by measuring the available lysine and furosine (FUR) contents in adapted and follow-up powdered milk-based infant formulas over the shelf-life storage period, at 20 and 37 °C, was studied. Available lysine and FUR contents were determined by fluorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between adapted and follow-up infant formulas with respect to the available lysine and FUR contents. Available lysine contents decreased significantly throughout the storage time, and the contents at 37 °C were lower than at 20 °C. A statistically significant increase in FUR contents was observ…

Bioavailability of zinc from infant foods byin vitro methods (solubility, dialyzability and uptake and transport by Caco-2 cells)

2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of zinc from infant foods (adapted, follow-up and toddler milk-based formulas and fruit juices containing milk and cereals, FMC) using solubility, dialyzability and a model combining simulated gastrointestinal digestion and zinc uptake and transport by Caco-2 cells. The greater solubility of zinc from infant formulas compared with fruit juices (FMC) could be due to the greater casein phosphopeptide content resulting from casein hydrolysis. The highest zinc dialysis percentage corresponded to FMC, which on the other hand had the lowest zinc contents of the analyzed samples. The presence of organic acids in samples of this kind favors …

Mild dehydration: a risk factor of urinary tract infection?

2003

Bacterial growth in the urinary tract is usually prevented by host factors including bacterial eradication by urinary and mucus flow, urothelial bactericidal activity, urinary secretory IgA, and blood group antigens in secretions which interfere with bacterial adherence. Bacterial eradication from the urinary tract is partially dependent on urine flow and voiding frequency. Therefore, it seems logical to postulate a connection between fluid intake and the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, experimental and clinical data on this subject are conflicting. Experimental studies concerning the effect of water intake on susceptibility and course of UTIs were predominantly performed …

A whey-predominant formula induces fecal microbiota similar to that found in breast-fed infants

2007

To compare the effects of a whey-predominant infant formula and breast milk on the gut microbiota, growth, and tolerance of infants, we conducted an open, prospective, parallel-group study in healthy newborn infants. A total of 60 infants were enrolled, and 55 completed the study. Of the 55 infants, 21 were breast-fed and 34 were fed a whey-predominant study formula that had low phosphate concentration (31 mg/100 kcal), was reduced in protein (1.8 g/100 kcal or 0.43 g/kJ), had lactose as the sole carbohydrate source, and had an amino acid profile and buffering capacity similar to that of human milk. At 30 and 60 days of age, fecal bacterial counts were determined using fluorescence in situ …

Reply to Z Weizman.

2013

Established cotton stainer gut bacterial mutualists evade regulation by host antimicrobial peptides

2019

Symbioses with microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature and confer important ecological traits to animal hosts but also require control mechanisms to ensure homeostasis of the symbiotic interactions. In addition to protecting hosts against pathogens, animal immune systems recognize, respond to, and regulate mutualists. The gut bacterial symbionts of the cotton stainer bug, Dysdercus fasciatus, elicit an immune response characterized by the upregulation of c-type lysozyme and the antimicrobial peptide pyrrhocoricin in bugs with their native gut microbiota compared to that in dysbiotic insects. In this study, we investigated the impact of the elicited antimicrobial immune response on the estab…

Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Borrelia miyamotoi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis …

2018

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of tick-borne pathogens of medical importance in questing ticks collected from five recreationally used islands along the Norwegian coastline. Furthermore, since coinfection may affect the disease severity, this study aimed to determine the extent of coinfection in individual ticks or co-localization of tick-borne pathogens. In all, 4158 questing Ixodes ricinus ticks were analyzed. For detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), nymphs (3690) were analyzed in pools of ten. To detect Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, B. miyamotoi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, 468 nymphs were analyzed individually…