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Learning by heart : cardiac cycle reveals an effective time window for learning
2018
Cardiac cycle phase is known to modulate processing of simple sensory information. This effect of the heartbeat on brain function is likely exerted via baroreceptors, the neurons sensitive for changes in blood pressure. From baroreceptors, the signal is conveyed all the way to the forebrain and the medial prefrontal cortex. In the two experiments reported, we examined whether learning, as a more complex form of cognition, can be modulated by the cardiac cycle phase. Human participants ( experiment 1) and rabbits ( experiment 2) were trained in trace eyeblink conditioning while neural activity was recorded. The conditioned stimulus was presented contingently with either the systolic or dias…
Central correlation of muscle sympathetic nerve activation during baroreflex unloading - a microneurography-positron emission tomography study
2013
The baroreceptor reflex controls spontaneous fluctuations in blood pressure. One major control variable of the baroreflex is the sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity to muscles [MSNA; burst frequency (BF) and burst incidence (BI)], which can be quantitatively assessed by microneurography. We aimed to investigate the central regions involved in baroreflex regulation of MSNA. Healthy men (mean age 25 years) participated in three experimental sessions. (i) Microneurography recordings of MSNA from the left peroneal nerve during rest and baroreflex unloading, induced by lower body negative pressure (LBNP; -40 mmHg). If MSNA could be reliably recorded throughout this procedure (n = 15), the subje…
PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES ANTI-BARTONELLA HENSELAEIN WESTERN SICILY: CHILDREN, BLOOD DONORS, AND CATS
2011
To evaluate seroprevalence of B. henselae infection both in Sicilian children and healthy blood donors. Furthermore, circulation of Bartonella in the natural reservoir was also studied. Two hundred forty-three children, living in Sicily (Palermo), affected by various diseases, without clinical features suggesting B. henselae infection, together with 122 healthy blood donors were serologically investigated for IgG and IgM antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). One hundred twenty stray and 62 pet cats were also analyzed only for IgG. Among children 25.1% had IgG antibodies to B. henselae; 18.5% showed a titer 1:64, 2.4% 1:128, 2.4% 1:256, 0.8% 1:512, 0.4% 1:1024, and 0.4% 1:…
Expression of CD44 variant proteins in adenocarcinoma of Barrett's esophagus and its relation to prognosis
1998
BACKGROUND None of the commonly used staging criteria accurately determine the prognosis of a patient with adenocarcinoma of Barrett's esophagus. The authors therefore assessed the expression pattern and prognostic impact of CD44 standard and CD44 isoforms CD44v4, v5,v6,v7, and v10 in adenocarcinoma of Barrett's esophagus. METHODS Specimens from 41 patients with adenocarcinoma of Barrett's esophagus who underwent esophageal resection were embedded in paraffin and studied immunohistochemically to determine the expression of CD44 splice variants. Histomorphologic parameters and survival time were not known at the time of the investigation. RESULTS Correlations between favorable clinical or hi…
Occurrence of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Patients with Presumed Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
2005
Purpose To report the rate of occurrence of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in patients with presumed idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Design Retrospective chart review. Participants All patients diagnosed with papilledema from November 1, 2002, through October 31, 2003, at 3 tertiary care neuro-ophthalmology centers. Methods Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of papilledema from 3 tertiary care neuro-ophthalmology centers were identified. Patients with space-occupying lesions, hydrocephalus, or meningitis were excluded. The remaining patients were evaluated with lumbar puncture, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Main Outcome Me…
Associations between adverse childhood experiences and adversities later in life. Survey data from a high-risk Norwegian sample
2019
Abstract Background A history of childhood abuse and neglect (CAN) is associated with exposure to later negative life events. CAN at an early age, multiple cooccurring exposures (cumulative events), and a high severity and frequency of exposure have potential detrimental long-term effects. Objective The present study examines the relationship between the severity of CAN and the prevalence of school difficulties and hardship at school, adult adversity and mental health. Participants and Settings: Participants were recruited from in- and outpatient mental health or substance abuse treatment facilities, child protective services (CPS), and prisons (N = 809, age range = 13–66, mean age = 27.62,…
Axial loading and posture cues in contraction of transversus abdominis and multifidus with exercise
2020
AbstractAstronauts are at increased risk of spine injury. With a view to developing training approaches for the muscles of the spine in microgravity, this study examined the effects of axial loading and postural cues on the contraction of transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus in supine lying using a novel exercise device (GravityFit). Thirty (18 males and 12 females) endurance-trained runners without a history of spinal pain aged 33–55 years were recruited. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed under one rest and five exercise conditions, which involved variations in axial loading and postural cues. Whole volume of the abdominal and lumbar paraspinal muscles was imaged and tr…
Cisternostomy for Traumatic Brain Injury: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms and Surgical Technical Notes
2016
Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major challenges in health care, representing the third most frequent cause of death. Current optimal management is based on a progressive, target-driven approach combining both medical and surgical treatment strategies. Here we describe cisternostomy, an emerging surgical treatment for the treatment of TBI. Methods Cisternostomy is a novel technique that incorporates knowledge of skull base and microvascular surgery. By opening the brain cisterns to atmospheric pressure, the technique could decrease the intracranial pressure due to a backshift of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the swollen brain to the cisterns through the Virchow-Rob…
'Prefrontal' cognitive performance of healthy subjects positively correlates with cerebral FDOPA influx: an exploratory [18F]-fluoro-L-DOPA-PET inves…
2006
Dopamine neurotransmission influences those cognitive processes, which are generally regarded as prefrontal cortical functions. In previous positron‐emission‐tomography (PET) studies, net blood‐brain clearance of [(18)F]‐fluoro‐l‐DOPA (FDOPA) correlated with impaired cognitive performance in patients with Parkinson's disease or schizophrenia. We hypothesized that FDOPA influx also correlates with performance of cognitive tasks associated with prefrontal functioning in healthy volunteers. The net blood‐brain clearance of FDOPA (K [Formula: see text]) was mapped in a group of 11 healthy volunteers and calculated in striatal volumes‐of‐interest. The Wisconsin‐Card‐Sorting‐Test (WCST), Stroop‐T…
Pregnancy Outcome in Maternal Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type II: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
2008
<i>Objective:</i> To report a case of maternal Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CNS) type II in pregnancy, systematically review the literature for similar case reports, and to evaluate whether pregnancy is safe in patients with the disease. Data sources included the PubMed and uptodate databases. <i>Results:</i> A 37-year-old mother with CNS type II was treated with phenobarbital during her pregnancy and her bilirubin levels were monitored. Her newborn had mild direct hyperbilirubinemia, did not require any treatment and his postnatal follow-up showed normal growth and development as well as normal hearing. <i>Conclusion:</i> CNS type II is rare, and only a few …