Search results for "behavioral"
showing 10 items of 3011 documents
Qualitative different memory impairments across frontal lobe subgroups
2006
Recall impairments in patients with lesions to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) have variously been attributed to problems with organisation at encoding, organisation at retrieval and monitoring at retrieval. Neuroimaging and recent theoretical work has associated the left lateral PFC with organisation and strategy production at encoding, and the right lateral PFC with organisation, error detection and monitoring at retrieval. However few lesion studies have been anatomically specific enough to test the direct predictions made by this work. Proactive interference, response to prompting, monitoring and organisational strategies were examined in 34 patients with frontal lobe lesions and 50 healthy…
Cerebellar Contribution to Mental Rotation: a cTBS Study
2013
A cerebellar role in spatial information processing has been advanced even in the absence of physical manipulation, as occurring in mental rotation. The present study was aimed at investigating the specific involvement of left and right cerebellar hemispheres in two tasks of mental rotation. We used continuous theta burst stimulation to downregulate cerebellar hemisphere excitability in healthy adult subjects performing two mental rotation tasks: an Embodied Mental Rotation (EMR) task, entailing an egocentric strategy, and an Abstract Mental Rotation (AMR) task entailing an allocentric strategy. Following downregulation of left cerebellar hemisphere, reaction times were slower in comparison…
Representation of time intervals in the right posterior parietal cortex: implications for a mental time line
2009
Space and time interact with each other in the cognitive system. Recent studies indicate the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) as the neural correlate of spatial-temporal interactions. We studied whether the contribution of the PPC becomes critical in tasks requiring the performance of spatial computations on time intervals. We adopted an integrated neuropsychological and transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) approach, presenting behavioural timing tasks to both healthy subjects and right-brain-damaged patients with and without evidence of spatial neglect. rTMS of the right PPC of healthy subjects induced a lateralised bias during a task requiring setting the midpoint of a time interval. T…
Gait-dependent motor memory facilitation in covert movement execution
2004
In the current study, we examined whether sensorimotor information stored in short-term memory may influence the temporal features between overt and covert execution of human locomotor movements and, furthermore, to examine to what extent such influence may depend on the ongoing gait activity. The subjects (n=20) who participated in the experiment were separated in two groups and instructed to walk (overt execution) or imagine walking (covert execution) along three locomotor paths: horizontal, uphill and downhill. The subjects of the first group, labeled in block, performed all the covert trials before executing the corresponding overt trials, while the subjects of the second group, labeled…
VBM-DTI correlates of verbal intelligence: a potential link to Broca's area.
2012
Abstract Human brain lesion studies first investigated the biological roots of cognitive functions including language in the late 1800s. Neuroimaging studies have reported correlation findings with general intelligence predominantly in fronto-parietal cortical areas. However, there is still little evidence about the relationship between verbal intelligence and structural properties of the brain. We predicted that verbal performance is related to language regions of Broca's and Wernicke's areas. Verbal intelligence quotient (vIQ) was assessed in 30 healthy young subjects. T1-weighted MRI and diffusion tensor imaging data sets were acquired. Voxel-wise regression analyses were used to correla…
Modulating phonemic fluency performance in healthy subjects with transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left or right lateral frontal cortex.
2017
Abstract A growing body of evidence have suggested that non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), can improve the performance of aphasic patients in language tasks. For example, application of inhibitory rTMS or tDCs over the right frontal lobe of dysphasic patients resulted in improved naming abilities. Several studies have also reported that in healthy controls (HC) tDCS application over the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) improve performance in naming and semantic fluency tasks. The aim of this study was to investigate in HC, for the first time, the effects of inhibitory repetitive TMS (rTMS…
The Bandwidth of VWM Consolidation Varies With the Stimulus Feature: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials
2018
Our previous work suggests that 2 colors can be consolidated into visual short-term memory (VSTM) in parallel without a loss of memory precision, whereas consolidation of 2 orientations is performed in a strictly serial manner. Those experiments compared VSTM performance for simultaneously and sequentially presented stimuli. However, there is still controversy about whether the bandwidth for consolidation is determined by the type of information. To further investigate this issue, here we measured electroencephalography while participants attempted to consolidate 1, 2 or 4 simultaneously presented colors (Experiment 1) or orientations (Experiment 2) under limited presentation times. We used…
A multidisciplinary approach to assess recovery of consciousness in a patient with moyamoya disease
2019
Abstract Introduction Moyamoya disease (MMD) meaning “hazy puff of smoke” in Japanese is a rare chronic cerebrovascular syndrome characterized by progressive stenosis and occlusion of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs), and middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). Methods Our moyamoya patient with severely impaired cognitive and motor functions underwent a specific motor and neuropsychological rehabilitative treatments to assess the recovery of consciousness. Results Results obtained showed an improvement of clinical and neuropsychological examination. These findings highlighted the importance of an intensive rehabilitation techniques used in the care of disorder…
A controlled treatment study of somatoform disorders including analysis of healthcare utilization and cost-effectiveness.
2003
Abstract Objective: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) on mental health status and healthcare utilization in patients with somatoform disorders (SFD) of a specialized tertiary care center. Methods: According to DSM-IV interviews, 54 patients had somatization disorder (SD), 51 abridged somatization syndrome (SSI-8) and 67 other defined SFD. A clinical non-SFD comparison group consisted of 123 patients. Treatment effects were controlled against the waiting list. Cost calculations for the 2-year periods before and after treatment were based on medical and billing records from health insurance companies. Results: The SFD pat…
Differences in pitch between tones affect behaviour even when incorrectly identified in direction.
2001
The ability to detect differences between simultaneously presented contra- and ipsilesional stimuli but not to identify the former on neurological patients with the symptom termed 'extinction' has given rise to the hypothesis that extinguished stimuli have impaired access to attentive processing but are detected pre-attentively. Such a dissociation found in normal participants with experimentally degraded sensory information, and its absence in equivalent tasks in terms of the amount of information required has, however, led to an alternative hypothesis that the lesser amount of information required to perform same/different judgements is sufficient to explain this dissociation. In the pres…