Search results for "beverage"
showing 10 items of 4650 documents
The impact of life stage and pigment source on the evolution of novel warning signal traits
2021
Our understanding of how novel warning color traits evolve in natural populations is largely based on studies of reproductive stages and organisms with endogenously produced pigmentation. In these systems, genetic drift is often required for novel alleles to overcome strong purifying selection stemming from frequency-dependent predation and positive assortative mating. Here, we integrate data from field surveys, predation experiments, population genomics, and phenotypic correlations to explain the origin and maintenance of geographic variation in a diet-based larval pigmentation trait in the redheaded pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei), a pine-feeding hymenopteran. Although our experiments c…
Factors affecting the production of putrescine from agmatine by Lactobacillus hilgardii X1B isolated from wine
2008
Aims: To elucidate and characterize the metabolic putrescine synthesis pathway from agmatine by Lactobacillus hilgardii X1B. Methods and Results: The putrescine formation from agmatine by resting cells (the normal physiological state in wine) of lactic acid bacteria isolated from wine has been determined for the first time. Agmatine deiminase and N-carbamoylputrescine hydrolase enzymes, determined by HPLC and LC-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry, carried out the putrescine synthesis from agmatine. The influence of pH, temperature, organic acids, amino acids, sugars and ethanol on the putrescine formation in wine was determined. Conclusions: Resting cells of Lact. hilgardii X 1B produce putrescine …
Regulation of hdc expression and HDC activity by enological factors in lactic acid bacteria.
2008
Aims: The aim of this work was to study the influence of enological factors on the histidine decarboxylase gene (hdc) expression and on histidine decarboxylase enzyme (HDC) activity in Lactobacillus hilgardii, Pediococcus parvulus and Oenococcus oeni. Methods and Results: Cell extracts and whole cells were used. Glucose, fructose, malic acid and citric acid diminished the hdc expression. Ethanol did not increase hdc expression or activity in cells, but increased HDC activity. Temperature and pH had effect on the activity of HDC but not on hdc expression. Tartaric acid and l-lactic acid, and sulphur dioxide (SO2) had no effect on enzyme synthesis and activity. Bacterial species differ in t…
Advances in Wine Fermentation
2021
Fermentation is a well-known natural process that has been used by humanity for thousands of years, with the fundamental purpose of making alcoholic beverages such as wine, and also other non-alcoholic products. From a strictly biochemical point of view, fermentation is a process of central metabolism in which an organism converts a carbohydrate, such as starch or sugar, into an alcohol or an acid. The fermentation process turns grape juice (must) into wine. This is a complex chemical reaction whereby the yeast interacts with the sugars (glucose and fructose) in the must to create ethanol and carbon dioxide. Fermentation processes to produce wines are traditionally carried out with Saccharo…
Adventiv-Embryonen aus Nicotiana-kallus, der bei Hohen Lichtintensitäten Kultiviert wurde
1965
The formation of embryonic structures in Nicotiana callus tissue has been reported. High intensity of light as a stimulating factor in differentiation is discussed.
Single-chain antibodies against a plant viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase confer virus resistance.
2004
Crop loss due to viral diseases is still a major problem for agriculture today. We present a strategy to achieve virus resistance based on the expression of single-chain Fv fragments (scFvs) against a conserved domain in a plant viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a key enzyme in virus replication. The selected scFvs inhibited complementary RNA synthesis of different plant virus RdRps in vitro and virus replication in planta. Moreover, the scFvs also bound to the RdRp of the distantly related hepatitis C virus. T(1) and T(2) progeny of transgenic lines of Nicotiana benthamiana expressing different scFvs either in the cytosol or in the endoplasmic reticulum showed varying degrees of r…
A single tube PCR assay for detecting viruses and their recombinants that cause tomato yellow leaf curl disease in Mediterranean basin
2007
Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) is well known in Mediterranean countries, where it has been causing severe losses in tomato crops for decades. Until recently, two viruses (with several isolates) in the genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae, have been associated with the epidemics: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV). However, recombinants between these, such as Tomato yellow leaf curl Malaga virus (TYLCMalV), are spreading, and new methods for detecting all viruses present in the region are needed. By considering all DNA sequences available of viruses causing TYLCD in the Mediterranean basin, a PCR/RFLP protocol was developed t…
Ginger and Turmeric Essential Oils for Weed Control and Food Crop Protection
2019
Ginger and turmeric are two food ingredients that are in high demand due to their flavor and positive effects on health. The biological properties of these spices are closely related to the aromatic compounds they contain. The chemical compositions of their essential oils and their in vitro phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, Echinochloa crus-galli, Cortaderia selloana, and Nicotiana glauca) and food crops (tomato, cucumber, and rice) were studied. Forty-one compounds, accounting for a relative peak area of 87.7% and 94.6% of turmeric and ginger essential oils, respectively, were identified by Gas Chromatography&ndash
Predominance of Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Rectal Mucosa of Patients With Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity: Reversal After a Wheat-Free Diet.
2016
OBJECTIVES: Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is defined as a reaction to ingested wheat after exclusion of celiac disease and wheat allergy. As its pathogenesis is incompletely understood, we evaluated the inflammatory response in the rectal mucosa of patients with well-defined NCWS. METHODS: The prospective study included 22 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like clinical presentation, diagnosed with NCWS by double-blind placebo-controlled challenge. Eight IBS patients not improving on wheat-free diet were used as controls. Two weeks after oral challenge was performed with 80 grams of wheat daily, cells were isolated from rectal biopsies and thoroughly characterized by fluore…
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Bupleurum Fontanesii (Apiaceae) Growing Wild in Sicily and its Activity on Microorganisms Affecting Hist…
2016
Hydrodistillation of the flowers (BpFl) of and fruits (BpFr) of Bupleurum fontanesii Guss. ex Caruel gave two oils that were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The main components were α-elemol (16.7%), caryophyllene oxide (16.4%) and heptacosane (15.9%) in BpFl, and spathulenol (16.8%), caryophylladienol I (13.2%) and α-elemol (12.8%) in BpFr. A good antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms, including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger, all infesting historical art craft, was also determined.