Search results for "biliary"
showing 10 items of 238 documents
High risk of bacterobilia in advanced experimental chronic fasciolosis
2006
Fasciolosis is recognized as an important human disease. Wistar rats experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica were examined using data obtained in the advanced chronic state of the disease (200, 300 and 400 days post-infection, dpi). Pigment stones (PS) and bile specimens were collected. The same procedure was applied in control rats. Liver tests were determined using stored serum samples. Bacteriological bile culture revealed viable bacteria (Escherichia coli, 45% of cases, Enterococcus faecalis, 45% and Klebsiella pneumoniae, 10%). The presence of bacterobilia was associated with liver serum enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST or SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT o…
Magnetic resonance imaging of the cirrhotic liver in the era of gadoxetic acid.
2015
Gadoxetic acid improves detection and characterization of focal liver lesions in cirrhotic patients and can estimate liver function in patients undergoing liver resection. The purpose of this article is to describe the optimal gadoxetic acid study protocol for the liver, the unique characteristics of gadoxetic acid, the differences between gadoxetic acid and extra-cellular gadolium chelates, and the differences in phases of enhancement between cirrhotic and normal liver using gadoxetic acid. We also discuss how to obtain and recognize an adequate hepatobiliary phase.
Hyperintense nodule-in-nodule on hepatobiliary phase arising within hypovascular hypointense nodule: Outcome and rate of hypervascular transformation.
2019
Purpose: To investigate the clinical implications and natural history of observations showing a “nodule-in-nodule” architecture on hepatobiliary phase (HBP) in a cirrhotic population. Method: This is an IRB-approved retrospective study conducted in a single institution. We identified 20 patients (11 men and 9 women, mean age 71 years, range 51–83 years) who had a hyperintense nodule on HBP arising within a larger HBP-hypointense nodule without arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) at gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI. Size and signal intensity of the nodules were evaluated in all sequences, along with the evolution of the nodules at serial MRI studies. Results: Twenty-four…
Gadoxetate disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiography for the noninvasive detection of an active bile duct leak after laparoscopic cholecys…
2010
Abstract We report a case of an endoscopically confirmed biliary leak of the common hepatic duct after laparoscopic cholecystectomy that was prospectively diagnosed on gadoxetate disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiography. Whereas dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images during the early vascular phases helped to rule out the causes of possible complications such as seroma, hematoma, or abdominal abscess, delayed hepatobiliary phase imaging was crucial for unequivocal diagnosis and location of the biliary leak. The diagnosis prompted therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography whereby a polytetrafluoroethylene-covered nitinol stent graft was successfully placed to…
Hepatobiliary phase hypointensity predicts progression to hepatocellular carcinoma for intermediate-high risk observations, but not time to progressi…
2020
Purpose: To determine whether hepatobiliary phase hypointensity, enhancing “capsule” and size provide prognostic information regarding the risk of progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as the time to progression, of intermediate to high risk observations ≥ 10 mm with arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE). Method: This retrospective dual-institution study included 160 LR-3 and 26 LR-4 observations measuring more than 10 mm and having APHE in 136 patients (mean age [SD], 57 [11] years old). A composite reference standard of pathologic analysis and imaging follow-up was used. The prognostic performance of hepatobiliary phase hypointensity, enhancing “capsule” and size (cut-of…
Liver involvement in patients with COVID-19 infection: A comprehensive overview of diagnostic imaging features
2023
During the first wave of the pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been considered mainly as a pulmonary infection. However, different clinical and radiological manifestations were observed over time, including involvement of abdominal organs. Nowadays, the liver is considered one of the main affected abdominal organs. Hepatic involvement may be caused by either a direct damage by the virus or an indirect damage related to COVID-19 induced thrombosis or to the use of different drugs. After clinical assessment, radiology plays a key role in the evaluation of liver involvement. Ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be use…
Die Behandlung akuter gastrointestinaler Schmerzen
1993
Ein wichtiges und das haufigste Leitsymptom akuter gastrointestinaler Erkrankungen ist der Bauchschmerz, der vor dem Hintergrund der Lokalisation, assoziierter Symptome und durch die korperliche Untersuchung zu erhebender Befunde entscheidende diagnostische Impulse zu geben vermag. Als symptomatisches Therapiekonzept spricht die Schmerzbehandlung bei akuten gastrointestinalen Erkrankungen, beispielsweise dem akuten Abdomen, der akuten Pankreatitis, der Gallenkolik, dem Ulcus pepticum und der Divertikulitis eine wesentliche Rolle. Zur Schmerztherapie des peptischen Ulkus haben sich der H+-, K+-ATPase-Inhibitor Omeprazol und H2-Rezeptoren-Blocker als rasch wirksam und effektiv erwiesen. Wahre…
Endoskopische ablative Verfahren bei Gallengangstumoren – Effektivität der photodynamischen Therapie und der Radiofrequenzablation
2015
Nur etwa 20–30 % der Patienten mit hilarem cholangiozellularen Karzinom (CCC) konnen bei Diagnosestellung kurativ operiert werden, da erst bei fortgeschrittenem Tumorstadium Symptome auftreten 3 . Daher konnen den meisten Patienten mit dieser Tumorentitat lediglich palliative Therapiekonzepte angeboten werden. Die Effektivitat der photodynamischen Therapie (PDT) wurde in 2 kontrolliert randomisierten sowie in weiteren kontrollierten Studien nachgewiesen. Eine endoskopische Drainage in Kombination mit einer intraluminalen PDT stellte bislang das beste palliative Therapiekonzept dar [1, 3]. Die Radiofrequenzablation (RFA) ist ein neues endoskopisches Verfahren im Rahmen des palliativen Therap…
Immune Reactions in Liver Diseases
1983
Chronic hepatitis is a heterogeneous syndrome with different underlying etiologies. Viruses (hepatitis B virus, non-A, non-B viruses), drugs and even alcohol are regarded as etiological agents. A further subgroup is autoimmune-type chronic hepatitis in which an immunogenetic predisposition is of major importance. Primary biliary cirrhosis has to be separated from these subgroups of chronic hepatitis.
Evidence for spontaneous immunosuppression in autoimmune hepatitis
1995
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) runs a variable clinical course. Slow disease progression or even spontaneous remissions can be observed and suggest that the autoimmune process can, at least to a certain extent, be controlled by regulatory elements of the patient's own immune system. In experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) spontaneous recovery is regularly observed and associated with antigen-specific and antigen-nonspecific suppression. The aim of the current study was to search for similar immunoregulatory phenomena in patients with AIH. We examined T-cell reactivity to soluble human liver antigens in 11 patients with active autoimmune hepatitis and 30 patients with other liver diseases (ch…