Search results for "bolus"

Influence of loperamide and loperamide oxide on the anal sphincter

1992

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the opioid loperamide and its recently synthesized pharmacologically inactive prodrug loperamide oxide on the anal sphincter. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, anorectal manometry was performed in 12 healthy volunteers five hours after oral bolus application of 10 mg of loperamide, loperamide oxide, or placebo. Loperamide significantly increased the threshold volumes for minimal perception and urgency to defecate (P less than 0.05) and raised the volume required to abolish recovery of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that loperamide has a specific continence-improving…

Aggressive Pharmacological Treatment for Reversing Malignant Bowel Obstruction

2004

Early and intensive pharmacological treatment not only may reduce gastrointestinal symptoms but also reverse malignant bowel obstruction. Fifteen consecutive advanced cancer patients with inoperable bowel obstruction received a combination of drugs including metoclopramide, octreotide, dexamethasone and an initial bolus of amidotrizoato. Recovery of intestinal transit was reported within 1-5 days in fourteen patients, who continued this treatment without presenting symptoms of bowel obstruction until death. This case series establishes that the combination of propulsive and antisecretive agents can act synergistically to allow a fast recovery of bowel transit without inducing unpleasant col…

Retrospective analysis of management of ingested foreign bodies and food impactions in emergency endoscopic setting in adults.

2016

Background: Ingestion of foreign bodies and food impaction represent the second most common endoscopic emergency after bleeding. The aim of this paper is to report the management and the outcomes in 67 patients admitted for suspected ingestion of foreign body between December 2012 and December 2014. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Palermo University Hospitals, Italy, over a 2-year period. We reviewed patients’ database (age, sex, type of foreign body and its anatomical location, treatments, and outcomes as complications, success rates, and mortalities). Results: Foreign bodies were found in all of our 67 patients. Almost all were found in the stomach and lower esophagus (…

5-Fluorouracil and folinic acid with or without CPT-11 in advanced colorectal cancer patients: A multicenter randomised phase II study of the Souther…

2000

The combination regimen CPT-11 plus bolus and infusion 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with high-dose leucovorin (hybrid regimen LV5FU2) has been tested for activity and toxicity against advanced colorectal carcinoma in a randomised, multicenter phase II trial.A total of 102 chemotherapy-naïve patients were randomised in a 1:2 fashion to receive: leucovorin 100 mg/m2 administered as a two-hour infusion before 5-FU 400 mg/m2 as an intravenous bolus, and FU 600 mg/m2 as a 22-hour infusion immediately after 5-FU bolus injection repeated on days 1 and 2 (LV5FU2 regimen, arm A, 34 patients) or CPT-11 at 180 mg/m2 (150 mg/m2 for patients of ageor = 70 and75 years) only on day 1 immediately before LV5FU2 th…

TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION ENHANCES SUCKING OF A LIQUID BOLUS IN HEALTHY HUMANS

2014

Abstract Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique used for modulating cortical excitability in vivo in humans. Here we evaluated the effect of tDCS on behavioral and electrophysiological aspects of physiological sucking and swallowing. Methods Twelve healthy subjects underwent three tDCS sessions (anodal, cathodal and sham stimulation) on separate days in a double-blind randomized order. The active electrode was placed over the right swallowing motor cortex. Repeated sucking and swallowing acts were performed at baseline and at 15 and 60 min after each tDCS session and the mean liquid bolus volume ingested at each time point was measured. We also…

Efficacy and side effects of intravenous remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia used in a stepwise approach for labour: an observational study

2012

Remifentanil has a suitable pharmacological profile for labour analgesia. In this prospective, observational study, intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with remifentanil, using stepwise bolus doses without background infusion, was examined during the first and second stages of labour. Outcomes were pain reduction, maternal satisfaction, maternal and neonatal side effects and remifentanil metabolism in the neonate.Parturients with normal term singleton pregnancies were recruited. The initial remifentanil bolus dose was 0.15 μg/kg, increasing in steps of 0.15 μg/kg, with a 2-min lock-out. Pain scores using a 100 mm visual analogue scale, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, respirator…

Paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale from central venous catheter thrombosis: A potential cause of stroke

2020

Paradoxical embolism refers to a potential condition in which an embolus arising from a venous source crosses into the systemic circulation through a right-to-left cardiac shunt causing an arterial embolism. A 39-year-old woman carrier of a central venous catheter (CVC) without evident risk factors for stroke, developed an acute right homonymous hemianopia during hemodialysis. On neuroimaging, an infarct in the territory of the left posterior cerebral artery was demonstrated. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a patent foramen ovale (PFO) and a large fluctuating thrombus in the right atrium on the tip of the CVC, thus allowing a diagnosis of ischemic stroke from paradoxical embolism.…

A Method to Evaluate Chewing Efficiency in Infants Through Food Bolus Characterization: A Preliminary Study

2015

Chewing skills develop greatly during the two first years of life, but the evolution of masticatory efficiency has never been directly measured so far. A bottleneck for such study is the difficulty in using the chew-and-spit method with infants and very young children. Herein, we propose a new method based on a model gel enclosed in a food feeder, which has been assessed with adult subjects. Subjects chewed and compressed the gel either alone or enclosed in two different feeders. Analysis of the number of particles and particle area distribution revealed that one feeder,made from silicone teat, interfered with bolus breakdown. However, similar results were observed between experiments in a …

803 Effects of high dose furosemide and small-volume hypertonic saline solution infusion in comparison with a high dose of furosemide as bolus, in re…

2003

Progressive Development of Renal Vascular Dysfunction in Brain Death Implicates Reversible Alterations of Nitric Oxide Metabolism

2011

Vascular endothelial dysfunction occurs in the kidney graft from marginal brain death (BD) donors and may be responsible for a low success rate after transplantation.BD was induced in 16 dogs for 6 hours. Immediately after the inflation of the intracranial balloon, the treated group (n = 8) received 40 mg/kg bolus followed by 3 mg/kg/min infusion of L-arginine for 30 minutes. Renal vascular function and hemodynamic and biochemical parameters were determined.BD caused vasoconstriction, increase in renal venous nitrite (4.9 ± 0.8 versus 2.6 ± 0.1, P.05) and myeloperoxidase levels (1.43 ± 0.04 versus 2.43 ± 0.23, P.001), and reduced vasodilatation of renal artery to acetylcholine. Larginine di…