Search results for "bowel"

showing 10 items of 637 documents

The Inflammatory Role of Platelets : Translational Insights from Experimental Studies of Autoimmune Disorders

2016

Beyond their indispensable role in hemostasis, platelets have shown to affect the development of inflammatory disorders, as they have been epidemiologically and mechanistically linked to diseases featuring an inflammatory reaction in inflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disorders. The identification of novel molecular mechanisms linking inflammation and to platelets has highlighted them as new targets for therapeutic interventions. In particular, genetic and pharmacological studies have identified an important role for platelets in neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the main molecular links between platelets and inflammation, focu…

Blood Platelets0301 basic medicineMultiple SclerosisMedizinInflammationReviewmedicine.disease_causeCatalysisAutoimmune DiseasesneuroinflammationAutoimmunityArthritis Rheumatoidlcsh:ChemistryInorganic Chemistry03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineImmune systemAnimalsHumansMedicinePlateletPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryReceptorlcsh:QH301-705.5Molecular BiologySpectroscopyNeuroinflammationInflammationbusiness.industryMultiple sclerosisautoimmunityOrganic ChemistryGeneral MedicineInflammatory Bowel Diseasesmedicine.diseaseComputer Science Applications030104 developmental biologylcsh:Biology (General)lcsh:QD1-999030220 oncology & carcinogenesisplateletsImmunologymedicine.symptomSignal transductionbusiness
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Bone loss in inflammatory Bowel disease: our multicentric study

2011

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at increased risk of developing disorder in bone and mineral metabolism The study was aimed to determine if inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a risk factor for osteoporosis in 103 adult patients. We included 103 IBD patients, 67 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 36 with ulcerative colitis (UC). Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We used T score to express bone loss (osteopenia: -2.5 SD 2 years) and active disease would be risk factors of bone mineral loss in IBD.

Bone mineralmedicine.medical_specialtybusiness.industryOsteoporosisDiseasemedicine.diseaseGastroenterologyUlcerative colitisInflammatory bowel diseasedigestive system diseasesOsteopeniaIncreased riskInternal medicinemedicineRisk factorbusinessEndocrinology Studies
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Budesonide in previously untreated autoimmune hepatitis

2005

Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease that is effectively treated with immunosuppressive therapy. Predniso(lo)ne, often in combination with azathioprine, is the basic therapeutic option to induce remission. However, this regimen can cause numerous side effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate budesonide as a treatment option in the induction of remission in patients with previously untreated AIH. Methods: Between October 1998 and August 1999, 12 patients were treated with 3 mg budesonide thrice daily for 3 months in this open one-arm multicenter phase IIa study. Primary end point was induction of remission indicated by a drop of aspartate aminotransf…

BudesonideAdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtybudesonideAzathioprinePREDNISOLONEAutoimmune hepatitisChronic liver diseaseGastroenterologyInflammatory bowel diseaseLiver diseaseLIVER-DISEASEInternal medicinemedicineHumansAgedHepatologyautoimmune hepatitisbusiness.industryCHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITISCORTICOSTEROID-THERAPYAlanine TransaminaseMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseCROHNS-DISEASERegimenHepatitis AutoimmuneImmunologyPrednisoloneFemaleTRIALORAL BUDESONIDEbusinesstreatment optionsmedicine.drugINFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASELiver international
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Induction of CD36 and thrombospondin-1 in macrophages by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and its relevance in the inflammatory process.

2012

Inflammation is part of a complex biological response of vascular tissue to pathogens or damaged cells. First inflammatory cells attempt to remove the injurious stimuli and this is followed by a healing process mediated principally by phagocytosis of senescent cells. Hypoxia and p38-MAPK are associated with inflammation, and hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) has been detected in inflamed tissues. We aimed to analyse the role of p38-MAPK and HIF-1 in the transcriptional regulation of CD36, a class B scavenger receptor, and its ligand thrombospondin (TSP-1) in macrophages and to evaluate the involvement of this pathway in phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils. We have also assessed HIF-1α, p…

CD36 AntigensMaleAnatomy and PhysiologyNeutrophilsCD36Digestive Physiologylcsh:MedicineApoptosisp38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesBiochemistryMonocytesThrombospondin 1Intestinal mucosaCrohn DiseaseIntestinal Mucosalcsh:ScienceHypoxiaPromoter Regions GeneticMultidisciplinaryProtein StabilityMiddle AgedOxygen Metabolismmedicine.anatomical_structureMedicineFemaleHypoxia-Inducible Factor 1medicine.symptomProtein BindingSignal TransductionResearch ArticleAdultCell PhysiologyAdolescentPhagocytosisImmune CellsImmunologyInflammationGastroenterology and HepatologyBiologyCell LineYoung AdultPhagocytosismedicineHumansUlcerative ColitisScavenger receptorBiologyInflammationLamina propriaDigestive RegulationMacrophageslcsh:RInflammatory Bowel DiseaseHypoxia (medical)Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 alpha SubunitMetabolismApoptosisImmunologyCancer researchbiology.proteinlcsh:QColitis UlcerativeDigestive SystemPloS one
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The role of Th1/Th2 polarization in mucosal immunity

2002

Mucosal immunity relies on the delicate balance between antigen responsiveness and tolerance. The polarization of T helper cells plays a key role in maintaining or disrupting this equilibrium.

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesChemistryModels ImmunologicalCell PolarityGeneral MedicineTh1 CellsInflammatory Bowel DiseasesAsthmaGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyTh2 polarizationTh2 CellsAntigenImmunityImmunologyAnimalsHumansImmunity MucosalMucosal immunityNature Medicine
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Perforin deficiency attenuates inflammation and tumor growth in colitis-associated cancer

2010

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a markedly increased risk to develop colon cancer, but there are only limited data about the host antitumor response in such colitis-associated cancer. In the present study we aimed at assessing the role of perforin-dependent effector mechanisms in the immune response in a murine model of colitis-associated colon cancer. Methods: Wildtype and perforin-deficient mice were analyzed in a mouse model of colitis-associated colon cancer using azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Results: Tumors of wildtype mice showed infiltration of CD4+, CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, high numbers of apoptotic cells, and e…

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCytotoxicity ImmunologicPore Forming Cytotoxic ProteinsT-LymphocytesMedizinInflammationCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesBiologymedicine.disease_causeInflammatory bowel diseaseMiceImmune systemmedicineAnimalsImmunology and AllergyCytotoxic T cellIntestinal MucosaColitisReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionPerforin DeficiencyDextran SulfateGastroenterologyColitismedicine.diseaseSpecific Pathogen-Free OrganismsKiller Cells NaturalMice Inbred C57BLDisease Models AnimalPerforinChronic DiseaseColonic NeoplasmsImmunologybiology.proteinmedicine.symptomCarcinogenesisInflammatory Bowel Diseases
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Antibodies against tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induce T-cell apoptosis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases via TNF receptor 2 and intestinal…

2011

Background & Aims The anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies infliximab, adalimumab, and certolizumab pegol have proven clinical efficacy in Crohn's disease. Here, we assessed the effects of anti-TNF antibodies on apoptosis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods CD14 + macrophages and CD4 + T cells were isolated from peripheral blood and lamina propria mononuclear cells from patients with IBD and control patients. Cell surface markers and apoptosis were assessed by immunohistology and fluorescence-activated cell sorting techniques. Results Lamina propria CD14 + macrophages showed significantly more frequent and higher membrane-bound TNF (mTNF) expression than CD4 + T cells in IBD…

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesMaleNecrosisCD14Anti-Inflammatory AgentsLipopolysaccharide ReceptorsApoptosisEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayBiologyAntibodies Monoclonal HumanizedReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionPeripheral blood mononuclear cellPolyethylene GlycolsImmunoglobulin Fab FragmentsYoung AdultmedicineHumansReceptors Tumor Necrosis Factor Type IIAntigen-presenting cellAgedLamina propriaHepatologyCluster of differentiationTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaMacrophagesGastroenterologyAdalimumabAntibodies MonoclonalMiddle AgedFlow CytometryInflammatory Bowel DiseasesInfliximabmedicine.anatomical_structureApoptosisCase-Control StudiesImmunologyCertolizumab PegolTumor necrosis factor alphaFemalemedicine.symptomGastroenterology
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Regulation of Protein-DNA Interactions at the Interferon-gamma Gene Promoter by Corticosteroids: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

1998

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesRecombinant Fusion ProteinsProtein dnaInterferon-gamma biosynthesisTransfectionGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyInterferon-gammaHistory and Philosophy of ScienceAdrenal Cortex HormonesGenes ReporterT-Lymphocyte SubsetsmedicineHumansInterferon gammaPromoter Regions GeneticGenebusiness.industryGeneral NeuroscienceInflammatory Bowel DiseasesPromoterTransfectionInflammatory Bowel DiseasesTranscription Factor AP-1ImmunologyLeukocyte Common AntigensCancer researchLeukocyte Common Antigensbusinessmedicine.drugAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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Activation pattern of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) factors in inflammatory bowel diseases.

2005

Cytokine signaling pathways involving transcription factors of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). STAT proteins are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that induce transcription upon phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation. However, their activation pattern in IBD is poorly understood. The aim of our study was to characterize STAT-expression in IBD.Mononuclear cells were isolated from 36 colonic specimens of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or from control patients. Cells were stimulated overnight with antibodies against human CD2 and CD28 and mononuclear cel…

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesSTAT3 Transcription FactorColonActivation patternstatTranscription (biology)MedicineHumansSTAT4Transcription factorHepatologybusiness.industryActivator (genetics)digestive oral and skin physiologyGastroenterologySTAT2 Transcription FactorSTAT3 Transcription FactorSTAT4 Transcription FactorInflammatory Bowel Diseasesdigestive system diseasesDNA-Binding ProteinsSTAT1 Transcription FactorCase-Control StudiesImmunologyCancer researchTrans-ActivatorsSignal transductionbusinessSTAT6 Transcription FactorThe American journal of gastroenterology
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Translating Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research into Clinical Medicine

2009

Recent studies have provided important insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The development of new therapeutic agents has been triggered by basic research and studies in mouse models of IBD. It is expected that improved translational research will lead to optimized therapy and new individualized treatment options.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytesmedicine.medical_specialtyImmunologyAnti-Inflammatory AgentsIndividualized treatmentTranslational researchGastroenterologyInflammatory bowel diseasePathogenesisBasic researchInternal medicineDrug DiscoverymedicineAnimalsHumansImmunology and AllergyIntensive care medicineMononuclear Phagocyte Systembusiness.industryInterleukinsmedicine.diseaseInflammatory Bowel Diseasesdigestive system diseasesDisease Models AnimalInfectious DiseasesbusinessImmunity
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