Search results for "brain injuries"
showing 10 items of 139 documents
Moderate controlled cortical contusion in pigs: effects on multi-parametric neuromonitoring and clinical relevance.
2004
Over the last decade, routine neuromonitoring of ICP and CPP has been extended with new on-line techniques such as microdialysis, tissue oxygen (ptiO(2)), acid-base balance (ptiCO(2), pH) and CBF measurements, which so far have not lead to clear-cut therapy approaches in the neurointensive care unit. This is partially due to the complex pathophysiology following a wide-range of brain injuries, and the lack of suitable animal models allowing simultaneous, clinically relevant neuromonitoring under controlled conditions. Therefore, a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model in large animals (pig) has been developed. After placement of microdialysis, ptiO(2), temperature and ICP catheters, an uni…
Neuroprotection of lipoic acid treatment promotes angiogenesis and reduces the glial scar formation after brain injury
2012
After trauma brain injury, a large number of cells die, releasing neurotoxic chemicals into the extracellular medium, decreasing cellular glutathione levels and increasing reactive oxygen species that affect cell survival and provoke an enlargement of the initial lesion. Alpha-lipoic acid is a potent antioxidant commonly used as a treatment of many degenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis or diabetic neuropathy. Herein, the antioxidant effects of lipoic acid treatment after brain cryo-injury in rat have been studied, as well as cell survival, proliferation in the injured area, gliogenesis and angiogenesis. Thus, it is shown that newborn cells, mostly corresponded with blood vessels …
Beneficial effect of dipyridyl, a liposoluble iron chelator against focal cerebral ischemia: In vivo and in vitro evidence of protection of cerebral …
2007
Whereas iron chelators were shown to induce neuroprotection against brain injury, the effect of iron chelators on ischemia-induced damage of cerebral endothelium is largely unknown. Our objective was to explore the endothelioprotective effect of the lipophilic iron chelator dipyridyl (DP) (i) in vitro on the death of cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) subjected to intracellular iron loading and (ii) in vivo on the ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. When given shortly after iron exposure or brain ischemia, DP prevented the death of CECs and diminished BBB disruption, respectively, whereas a delayed administration of DP was associated with a lower CECs protection. Interesti…
Proneurotrophin Binding to P75 Neurotrophin Receptor (P75ntr) Is Essential for Brain Lesion Formation and Functional Impairment after Experimental Tr…
2015
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates an excessive mediator release of e.g. neurotrophins, which promote neuronal survival, differentiation, and modulate synaptic plasticity. Paradoxically, mature forms of neurotrophins promote neuronal survival, whereas unprocessed forms of neurotrophins induce cell death through p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) signaling. p75NTR is widely expressed during synaptogenesis and is subsequently downregulated in adulthood. Repair mechanisms after acute cerebral insults can reactivate its expression. Therefore, the influence of p75NTR on secondary brain damage was addressed. mRNA levels of p75NTR and its ligands were quantified in brain tissue up to 7 days af…
Inhibition of Proteasomal Glucocorticoid Receptor Degradation Restores Dexamethasone-Mediated Stabilization of the Blood–Brain Barrier After Traumati…
2013
To establish the molecular background for glucocorticoid insensitivity, that is, failure to reduce edema formation and to protect blood-brain barrier integrity after acute traumatic brain injury.Controlled animal study.University research laboratory.Male C57Bl/6N mice.Mechanical brain lesion by controlled cortical impact.Our study demonstrates that 1) proteasomal glucocorticoid receptor degradation is established in brain endothelial cells after traumatic brain injury as a form of posttranslational glucocorticoid receptor modification; 2) inhibition of the proteasomal degradation pathway with bortezomib (0.2 mg/kg) in combination with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) by subcutane…
First Published Record of a Neurosurgical Procedure on the North American Continent, Mexico City, by Pedro Arias de Benavides, 1561:Secretos de Chiru…
2000
The first published account of a neurosurgical intervention performed on the North American continent is described. The operation took place in Mexico City in 1561. The neurosurgical intervention was performed by a Spanish surgeon, Pedro Arias de Benavides, on a 13-year-old boy who had sustained head trauma that caused an open depressed cranial fracture and exposed the cerebrum. A description of this case was first published in Valladolid, Spain, 6 years after the event, in a book entitled Secretos de Chirurgia ("Secrets of Surgery").
Cognitive estimation: Performance of patients with focal frontal and posterior lesions
2018
The Cognitive Estimation Test (CET) is a widely used test to investigate estimation abilities requiring complex processes such as reasoning, the development and application of appropriate strategies, response plausibility checking as well as general knowledge and numeracy (e.g., Shallice and Evans, 1978; MacPherson et al., 2014). Thus far, it remains unknown whether the CET is both sensitive and specific to frontal lobe dysfunction. Neuroimaging techniques may not represent a useful methodology for answering this question since the complex processes involved are likely to be associated with a large network of brain regions, some of which are not functionally necessary to successfully carry …
Neuroprotection by erythropoietin administration after experimental traumatic brain injury.
2007
A large body of evidence indicates that the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) exerts beneficial effects in the central nervous system (CNS). To date, EPO's effect has been assessed in several experimental models of brain and spinal cord injury. This study was conducted to validate whether treatment with recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) would limit the extent of injury following experimental TBI. Experimental TBI was induced in rats by a cryogenic injury model. rHuEPO or placebo was injected intraperitoneally immediately after the injury and then every 8 h until 2 or 14 days. Forty-eight hours after injury brain water content, an indicator of brain edema, was measured with the wet-dry method and bl…
Cranioplasty with autologous bone flaps cryopreserved with Dimethylsulphoxide : does tissue processing matter
2021
Este artículo se encuentra disponible en la siguiente URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875021001625?via%3Dihub En este artículo de investigación también participan: Dolores Ocete, Lucas Aranda, Ana Melero, Antonio J. Guillot, Nuria Yagüe y Carlos Botella. Este es el pre-print del siguiente artículo: Mirabet, V., García, D., Roca, A., Quiroz, A. R., Antón, J., Rodríguez-Cadarso, M., Ocete, D., Aranda, L., Melero, A., Guillot, A. J., Yagüe, N., Guillén, I. & Botella, C. (2021). Cranioplasty with autologous bone flaps cryopreserved with Dimethylsulphoxide: does tissue processing matter. World Neurosurgery, vol. 149 (may.), pp. e582?e591, que se ha publicado de fo…
2-Methoxyestradiol confers neuroprotection and inhibits a maladaptive HIF-1α response after traumatic brain injury in mice
2014
HIF-1α is pivotal for cellular homeostasis in response to cerebral ischemia. Pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α may reduce secondary brain damage by targeting post-translational mechanisms associated with its proteasomal degradation and nuclear translocation. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), the involved HIF-1α-dependent response, and alternative splicing in exon 14 of HIF-1α (HIF-1α∆Ex14) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice. Intraperitoneal 2ME2 administration 30 min after TBI caused a dose-dependent reduction in secondary brain damage after 24 h. 2ME2 was physiologically tolerated, showed no effects on immune cell brain migration, and …