Search results for "brain"
showing 10 items of 3997 documents
Mismatch negativity (MMN) elicited by changes in phoneme length: A cross-linguistic study
2006
Speech sounds representing different phonetic categories are typically easier to discriminate than sounds belonging to the same category. This phenomenon is referred to as the phoneme boundary effect. We aimed to determine whether, at neural level, this effect is indeed due to crossing the phoneme boundary. The mismatch negativity (MMN) brain response was measured for across- and within-category changes in Finnish phoneme length in native speakers and second-language users of Finnish as well as non-Finnish-speaking subjects. The results showed that the MMN amplitude was enhanced in the native speakers in comparison with the two non-native groups which, in turn, did not differ from each othe…
Chronic heart damage following doxorubicin treatment is alleviated by lovastatin.
2014
The anticancer efficacy of anthracyclines is limited by cumulative dose-dependent early and delayed cardiotoxicity resulting in congestive heart failure. Mechanisms responsible for anthracycline-induced heart damage are controversially discussed and effective preventive measures are preferable. Here, we analyzed the influence of the lipid lowering drug lovastatin on anthracycline-induced late cardiotoxicity three month after treatment of C57BL/6 mice with five low doses of doxorubicin (5×3mg/kg BW; i.p.). Doxorubicin increased the cardiac mRNA levels of BNP, IL-6 and CTGF, while the expression of ANP remained unchanged. Lovastatin counteracted these persisting cardiac stress responses evoke…
Hemodynamic Monitoring in Patients With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
2020
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) often causes cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Therapeutic strategies can be guided by standard (invasive arterial/central venous pressure measurements, fluid balance assessment), and/or advanced (pulse index continuous cardiac output, pulse dye densitometry, pulmonary artery catheterization) hemodynamic monitoring. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to determine whether standard compared with advanced hemodynamic monitoring can improve patient management and clinical outcomes after aSAH. A literature search was performed for articles published between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2019. Studies involving aSAH patients …
Changes in the adrenergic mechanisms of cerebral arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage in goats.
1994
We have examined the effects of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), induced by delivering autologous blood into the subarachnoid space, on the adrenergic mechanisms of the goat cerebrovascular bed. To achieve this, the response to noradrenaline was recorded both in vivo, by measuring cerebral blood flow in unanesthetized animals, and in vitro, by recording isometric tension in isolated cerebral arteries. In addition, we checked the function of adrenergic innervation by measuring the tritium efflux evoked by electrical stimulation in cerebral arteries preloaded with [3H]-noradrenaline, and we examined this innervation by using both fluorescent and electron transmission microscopy. Al…
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Revealing Moyamoya Syndrome in a Patient With May-Hegglin Anomaly.
2017
Etude de cas; Introduction: Moyamoya syndrome is a rare progressive cerebrovascular occlusive disease for which several associated conditions have been described. Case Report: We report the case of a 76-year-old woman with a history of May-Hegglin anomaly who presented with an isolated unusual diffuse headache. Initial laboratory investigations showed only thrombocytopenia (platelet count 95000/mu L). Unenhanced brain computed tomography scan revealed a small subarachnoid hemorrhage in the left frontal lobe. Computed tomography angiography showed occlusion of the terminal portion of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) and narrowing of the terminal portion of the right ICA with abnormal c…
Analysis of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with High Frequency Transcranial Duplex Ultrasound
2021
Cerebral vasospasm that occurs in the weeks after subarachnoid hemorrhage, a type of hemorrhagic stroke, contributes to delayed cerebral ischemia. A problem encountered in experimental studies using murine models of SAH is that methods for in vivo monitoring of cerebral vasospasm in mice are lacking. Here, we demonstrate the application of high frequency ultrasound to perform transcranial Duplex sonography examinations on mice. Using the method, the internal carotid arteries (ICA) could be identified. The blood flow velocities in the intracranial ICAs were accelerated significantly after induction of SAH, while blood flow velocities in the extracranial ICAs remained low, indicating cerebral…
Stroke and cardiac arrhythmias.
2001
Stroke is frequently followed by electrocardiographic (ECG) changes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the global incidence of these changes after ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes, but it focused on cardiac arrhythmias. In ischemic strokes, these were correlated with the side of the lesion(s). The study was retrospective, and 450 patients (out of 971 examined) were entered in the study based on the following inclusion criteria: (1) "completed" stroke (352 ischemic and 98 hemorrhagic), (2) ECG on admission, and (3) at least 1 previous ECG. We also examined 71 patients with carotid or vertebro-basilar transient ischemic attacks (TIA). As controls, 71 patients suffering from nonvascu…
Recommendations for the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
2005
After SAH, primary and secondary complications are frequent and often require neurosurgical interventions to avoid secondary brain damage. The authors of the present paper have summarized the available data about the treatment modalities often used for patients with SAH. The present recommendations have been developed as a neurosurgical and neuroanestesiological consensus. Evidence from prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled studies support grade A recommendations (standard) for the prophylaxis and treatment of cerebral vasospasm with oral Nimodipine in good grade patients. For intravenous Nimodipine or for oral nimodipine treatment in poor grade patients, available data …
Risk Stratification by nrTMS Language Mapping
2017
Resecting language-eloquent brain lesions is a major challenge in neurosurgery since we need to weight the risks of worsening the patients’ functional integrity and achieving a maximum safe resection. Although relevant functional brain structures can be identified intraoperatively by direct cortical mapping during awake surgery, a preoperative identification of functional anatomy is recommended in order to gauge surgical risks, evaluate resectability, plan the surgical approach, and identify potential starting points for intraoperative stimulation mapping.
Computed Tomography in Nonneoplastic Space-Occupying Intracranial Lesions
1981
A number of nonneoplastic intracranial space-occupying lesions may resemble neoplasms in the CT scan, and definitive diagnosis is not possible with CT studies alone in many cases. Misinterpretations are possible, even when all clinical data are considered in the interpretation of the CT scan. However, the most accurate possiblepreoperative diagnosis is a prerequisite for decisions on therapeutic strategy and surgical approach. Therefore some cases may require the full range of conventional neuroradiological techniques and careful consideration of clinical findings for correct interpretation of the CT scan with its consequences for therapy. Table 6 summarizes the most common alternatives in …