Search results for "brine."
showing 10 items of 89 documents
Chlorine Partitioning Between a Basaltic Melt and H2O-CO2 Fluids at Mount Etna
2009
Partitioning experiments between a basaltic melt from Mt. Etna and a low-density hydrous fluid or vapor containing H(2)O or H(2)O-CO(2) were performed at 1200-1260 degrees C, at pressures between 1 and 200 MPa, either near the nickel-nickel oxide (NNO) buffer or at two log units above it (NNO + 2), and with different chloride concentrations. Most of the experiments were done at chloride-brine-undersaturated conditions, although at the highest Cl concentrations explored brine saturation might have been reached. The average partition coefficients (D(Cl)(fluid/melt)) over the range of Cl concentrations were derived on a weight basis by plotting the calculated concentrations of Cl in the fluid …
Selective incorporation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during sea ice formation
2013
This study investigated the incorporation of DOM from seawater into >2 day-old sea ice in tanks filled with seawater alone or amended with DOM extracted from the microalga, Chlorella vulgaris. Optical properties, including chromophoric DOM (CDOM) absorption and fluorescence, as well as concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), dissolved carbohydrates (dCHOs) and dissolved uronic acids (dUAs) were measured. Enrichment factors (EFs), calculated from salinity-normalized concentrations of DOM in bulk ice, brine and frost flowers relative to under-ice water, were generally >1. The enrichment factors varied for different DOM fractions: EFs were the lowest fo…
Correlation between micro-hardness and mineral content in healthy human enamel
2016
Background Enamel is the hardest and the stiffest tissue in the human body. The enamel undergoes multidirectional stresses, withstands multimillion chewing cycles, all while protecting the internal dentin and pulp from damage due to mechanical overload and exposure to the harsh chemical environment of the mouth. Raman spectroscopy allows to study enamel mineral content in a non-destructive and site-specific way. While Raman spectroscopy has been applied in other studies to assess tooth mineralization, there are no studies that examine the relationship between micro-hardness and mineral content of the untreated enamel. An understanding of this relationship is extremely important in a clinica…
New Genes Involved in Mild Stress Response Identified by Transposon Mutagenesis in Lactobacillus paracasei
2018
International audience; Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are associated with various plant, animal, and human niches and are also present in many fermented foods and beverages. Thus, they are subjected to several stress conditions and have developed advanced response mechanisms to resist, adapt, and grow. This work aimed to identify the genes involved in some stress adaptation mechanisms in LAB. For this purpose, global reverse genetics was applied by screening a library of 1287 Lactobacillus paracasei transposon mutants for mild monofactorial stresses. This library was submitted independently to heat (52 degrees C, 30 min), ethanol (170 g.L-1, 30 min), salt (NaCl 0.8 M, 24 h), acid (pH 4.5, 24 h…
Desalination effluents and the establishment of the non-indigenous skeleton shrimp Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890 in the south -eastern Mediterrane…
2019
A decade long monitoring programme has revealed a flourishing population of the non-indigenous skeleton shrimp Paracaprella pusilla in the vicinity of outfalls of desalination plants off the Mediterranean coast of Israel. The first specimens were collected in 2010, thus predating all previously published records of this species in the Mediterranean Sea. A decade-long disturbance regime related to the construction and operation of the plants may have had a critical role in driving the population growth. University of Palermo FFR 2018
Towards sustainable production of minerals and chemicals through seawater brine treatment using Eutectic freeze crystallization and Electrodialysis w…
2022
European policy encourages the adoption of sustainable systems that promote the efficient use and recovery of minerals and chemicals. In this respect, desalination brines do contain a dramatic amount of valuable minerals and can be valorized through appropriate treatments rather than releasing them into the environment. This paper proposes an innovative brine recovery system for obtaining high purity chemicals through the integration of Eutectic Freeze Crystallization (EFC) and Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membrane (EDBM) technologies. Two separate laboratory-scale experimental campaigns were carried out to validate the potential integration of the two processes. Mirabilite (Na2SO4∙10H2O) h…
Magnesium recovery from exhausted brine
2015
Mg and MgCO3 are among the 20 EU critical raw materials. Interestingly, Mg can be found at very high concentration in brines generated as waste stream from salt works. Literature works have demonstrated the feasibility of Mg extraction from brines [1–3] by reactive precipitation, for the production of Mg(OH)2. Here we present an overview of the experimental campaigns carried out using exhausted brine from real salt works (Italy) to produce Mg(OH)2 with high purity and conversion. Lab – and pilot-scale batch and semi-continuous CSTR crystallisers were developed and tested, eventually leading to a continuous process by a quasi-PFR pilot reactor. Different alkaline solutions have been adopted …
A continuous plug flow reactor for magnesium recovery from concentrated brine
2015
Magnesium is one of the eight most abundant elements on the world and the third most abun- dant in the sea, buc practically only two countries (Russia and China) control the world market for this compound. Product purity, Mg recovery, crystal morphology and granulometric distribution of precipitated particles were examined through careful laboratory analysis and results from different tests were compared, in order to identify the effect of allcaline species’ nature and concentration on precipitation phenomena.
Surface water RO permeate remineralization through minerals recovery from brines
2022
Assisted-Reverse Electrodialysis (A-RED) technology was applied following reverse osmosis (RO) of a surface water resource in order to recover minerals from its brine and directly remineralize the RO unit's permeate. Four different sets of cation/anion exchange membranes were benchmarked using single- and mixed-salts synthetic solutions as well as real brine and permeate streams produced from three-stage reverse osmosis applied to Seine River water. The process, operating under equal permeate and brine channel flows (2 cm/s velocities) and applied voltage varying from 0 to 10 V, showed viable remineralization results. Optimal recovery at 10 V applied allowed increasing permeate mineral cont…
GREEN ENERGY HARVESTING FROM CONCENTRATED SALTWORKS BITTERNS BY REVERSE ELECTRODIALYSIS
2022
Concentrated bitterns discharged from saltworks have extremely high salinity, often up to 300 g/L, thus their direct disposal not only can have harmful effect on the environment, but also generates a depletion of a potential resource of renewable energy. Here, reverse electrodialysis (RED), an emerging electrochemical membrane process, is introduced to capture the salinity gradient power (SGP) intrinsically conveyed by these bitterns also aiming at the reduction of concentrated salty water disposal. A RED unit at the laboratory scale has been adopted to study the SGP potential with different ion exchange membrane and different operating conditions. In particular, membranes supplied by Fujif…