Search results for "brine."

Simulation of stability and dynamics of multistage flash desalination

2011

gPROMS software was used to study the dynamics of a multistage flash desalination brine circulation system (MSF-BR) as a function of major operating parameters. Most of the previous studies focused on MSF-BR dynamic model development however; it gave very little information on dynamic response of the system to the most significant process independent parameters. The present model was first validated against available industrial data of different plants. System dynamics were obtained upon increasing/decreasing several of the operating parameters over a range of ± 15%. Results show that increase/decrease of the cooling seawater flow rate have limited effect on the system dynamics. Increasing/…

A simulation tool for analysis and design of reverse electrodialysis using concentrated brines

2015

Abstract Reverse electrodialysis (SGP-RE or RED) represents a viable technology for the conversion of the salinity gradient power into electric power. A comprehensive model is proposed for the RED process using sea or brackish water and concentrated brine as feed solutions. The goals were (i) reliably describing the physical phenomena involved in the process and (ii) providing information for optimal equipment design. For such purposes, the model has been developed at two different scales of description: a lower scale for the repeating unit of the system (cell pair), and a higher scale for the entire equipment (stack). The model was implemented in a process simulator, validated against orig…

Reverse electrodialysis performed at pilot plant scale: Evaluation of redox processes and simultaneous generation of electric energy and treatment of…

2017

Abstract This paper describes the experimental campaign carried out with a reverse electrodialysis (RED) demonstration plant (Marsala, Italy) with the main aims of: (i) evaluating the effect of various operating parameters, including the redox processes, on the system performances; (ii) using the plant for the simultaneous generation of electric energy and treatment of wastewater. The prototype (44 × 44 cm2, 500 cell pairs) was tested using both real (brackish water and brine) and artificial solutions. Tests with two different electrode rinse solutions (with or without iron redox couples) were performed. In agreement with the data obtained in the laboratory, the presence of iron ions contri…

Time-dependent effects of polystyrene nanoparticles in brine shrimp Artemia franciscana at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels

2019

Micro- (<5 mm) and nanoplastics (<1 μm) are emerging threats for marine ecosystems worldwide. Brine shrimp Artemia is recognized as a suitable model among planktonic species for studying the impact of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) through short and long-term bioassays. Our study aims to evaluate the time-dependent effects of cationic amino-modified PS-NH (50 nm) in A. franciscana after short- (48 h) and long-term exposure (14 days). For this purpose, nauplii were exposed to a concentration range of PS-NH (0.1, 1, 3 and 10 μg/mL) in natural sea water (NSW), and physiological, biochemical and molecular responses were investigated. Short-term exposure to PS-NH caused a decrease in nauplii…

Rare earths release from dissolving atmospheric dust and their accumulation into crystallising halite. The dead-sea example

2023

: The industrial extraction of Y and lanthanides (hereafter defined as Rare Earth Elements, REE) often requires the achievement of leaching procedures removing these metals from primary rocks and their transfer in aqueous leachates or incorporated in newly forming soluble solids. These procedures are the most dangerous to the environment in relation to the composition of leachates. Hence, the recognition of natural settings where these processes currently occur, represents a worthy challenge for learning how to carry out similar industrial procedures under natural and more eco-friendly conditions. Accordingly, the REE distribution was studied in the brine of Dead Sea, a terminal evaporating…

Bacterias halófilas moderadas aisladas de las minas salinas de Atacocha - Ayacucho

2007

Las bacterias halófilas producen una gran variedad de metabolitos y enzimas con interesantes aplicaciones bíotecnológicas. Con la finalidad de aislar bacterias halófilas moderadas de las minas salinas de Atacocha - Ayacucho, se recolectaron muestras de sal y se preenriquecieron en medio agua de sales al 5% suplementado con extracto de levadura al 0.5% durante una semana y luego se sembraron en medio sólido. De 40 aislados se seleccionaron 10 por presentar características morfológicas y culturales muy diferenciadas. A los aislados seleccionados se les determinó el rango de tolerancia al NaCl, temperatura, pH y sus características bioquímicas y nutricionales. Se encontró que los aislados tole…

Treatment of electroplating wastewater by combining membrane technologies and reactive precipitation process at pilot scale

2022

Seasonal changes in glacial polynya activity inferred from Weddell Sea varves

2013

Abstract. The Weddell Sea and the associated Filchner–Rønne Ice Shelf constitute key regions for global bottom-water production today. However, little is known about bottom-water production under different climate and ice-sheet conditions. Therefore, we studied core PS1795, which consists primarily of fine-grained siliciclastic varves that were deposited on contourite ridges in the southeastern Weddell Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We conducted high-resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis and grain-size measurements with the RADIUS tool (Seelos and Sirocko, 2005) using thin sections to characterize the two seasonal components of the varves at sub-mm resolution to distingui…

Evaluation of Permeate Quality in Pilot Scale Membrane Distillation Systems

2019

In this work, the salinity of permeate obtained with membrane distillation (MD) in pilot scale systems was analyzed. Experiments were performed with three different spiral-wound commercial modules, one from Solar Spring with 10 m2 surface membrane area and two from Aquastill with 7.2 and 24 m2. Intermittent operation meant that high permeate conductivity was measured in the beginning of each experiment, which was gradually decreasing until reaching a constant value (3&ndash

High purity recovery of magnesium and calcium hydroxides from waste brines

2021

Direct disposal of concentrate brines, generated by many industrial sectors, causes serious environmental concerns. An industrial sector that produces high concentrate brines is softening water industry, in particular during the regeneration of ion exchange resins. These brines are mainly rich in sodium, magnesium and calcium chlorides, thus, their regeneration, by removal/recovery of magnesium and calcium, can be a valuable option to turn the brine into a source of minerals and reduce disposal costs and environmental concerns. In this regards, one of the goals of EU-funded ZERO BRINE project is to develop a treatment chain for the valorization and regeneration of spent brines from water so…