Search results for "bud"
showing 10 items of 637 documents
Limbažu novada pašvaldības budžeta analīze
2016
Bakalaura darba tēma ir Limbažu novada pašvaldības budžeta analīze, kur tiks analizēts pamatbudžets un speciālais budžets laika periodā no 2011. – 2016. gadam. Darba mērķis ir veikt analīzi par Limbažu novada pašvaldības budžeta ieņēmumiem un to izlietošanu. Mērķa sasniegšanai izvirzītie uzdevumi ir iepazīties ar pašvaldības būtību, funkcijām, apskatīt attīstības vēsturi un tā saimniecisko struktūru, izpētīt attīstības plānu, analizēt ieņēmumus un izdevumus, kā arī izdarīt secinājumus un priekšlikumus no veiktās analīzes. Darba apjoms ir 74 lpp, kuru iedala 3 nodaļās, kurās tiek attēlotas 8 tabulas un 35 dažādas diagrammas un attēli. Analīzes rezultāti apkopoti secinājumos un priekšlikumos …
A trade-off between current and future sex allocation revealed by maternal energy budget in a small mammal.
2011
Sex-allocation theories generally assume differential fitness costs of raising sons and daughters. Yet, experimental confirmation of such costs is scarce and potential mechanisms are rarely addressed. While the most universal measure of physiological costs is energy expenditure, only one study has related the maternal energy budget to experimentally controlled offspring sex. Here, we experimentally test this in the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) by simultaneously manipulating the litter's size and sex ratio immediately after birth. Two weeks after manipulation, when mothers were at the peak of lactation and were pregnant with concurrent litters, we assessed their energy budget. We found that …
Cirrhosis: CT and MR imaging evaluation
2006
In this article, we present the CT and MR imaging characteristics of the cirrhotic liver. We describe the altered liver morphology in different forms of viral, alcoholic and autoimmune end-stage liver disease. We present the spectrum of imaging findings in portal hypertension, such as splenomegaly, ascites and varices. We describe the patchy and lacelike patterns of fibrosis, along with the focal confluent form. The process of hepatocarcinogenesis is detailed, from regenerative to dysplastic nodules to overt hepatocellular carcinoma. Different types of non-neoplastic focal liver lesions occurring in the cirrhotic liver are discussed, including arterially enhancing nodules, hemangiomas and p…
Is an Increase of the Fiscal Budget at EMU level Desirable?
2005
The birth of the European Monetary Union (EMU) has determined the creation of a common currency, the Euro, but unlike other monetary unions, the EMU does not have a central fiscal authority. The role of fiscal policy is left to the responsibility of the governments of the EMU member States. The new architecture modifies the assignment of the instruments to the objectives, especially those of stabilization. The loss of the sovereignty of monetary policy and exchange rate control by the individual member states has determined the inability to use two important instruments of insurance against the risks of shocks. Moreover, the Treaty of Maastricht and the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) could…
Searching for Threshold Effects in the Evolution of Budget Deficits: An Application to the Spanish Case
2004
Abstract In this paper, we use recent developments on threshold autoregressive (TAR) models that allow us to derive endogenously threshold effects in the evolution of the Spanish budget deficit. Specifically, a mean-reverting dynamic behaviour of the budget deficit should be expected once such threshold is reached.
Global imbalances and the intertemporal external budget constraint: A multicointegration approach
2013
Abstract This paper analyzes the external solvency of a group of 23 OECD countries for the period 1970–2012. The empirical strategy adopted underlines the increasing importance of the financial channel for the external adjustment as proposed in Gourinchas and Rey (2007) . We unify the traditional approaches to testing for external sustainability considering the stock-flow system created by the variables representing the external relationships of an open economy. External sustainability is tested using several types of cointegration and multicointegration tests. The results obtained point to weak sustainability in the flows analysis, whereas some degree of strong sustainability is found for …
The Analysis on the Cyclical Behaviour of Fiscal Policy in the EU Member States
2013
Abstract This paper deals with the topic of cyclicality of fiscal policy. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the cyclical behaviour of fiscal policy in the EU member states, using historical time series for all the European countries during the period between 1995- 2011. The results pointed out that the procyclical fiscal policies are a feature of developing countries and the countercyclical and acyclical fiscal policies are a feature of developed counties.
Fiscal Convergence, Business Cycle Volatility and Growth
2009
This paper analyzes the effects of fiscal convergence on business cycle volatility and growth. Using a panel 21 OECD countries (including 11 EMU countries) and 40 years of data, we find that countries with similar government budget positions tend to have smoother business cycles. That is, fiscal convergence (in the form of persistently similar ratios of government surplus/deficit to GDP) is systematically associated with smoother business cycles. We also find evidence that reduced business cycle volatility through higher fiscal convergence stimulates growth. Our empirical results are economically and statistically significant and robust.
The Economic Rationale of Fiscal Rules in OCAs: The Stability and Growth Pact and the Excessive Deficit Procedure
2013
This chapter examines the case of different regions within a single country that wish to share a common currency, even though they have divergent trends in unemployment, inflation, wages, non-wage costs and productivity. This situation compares with the case of a group of EU countries, each with its own decentralised national budget, that have established a monetary union and that are facing asymmetric shocks. As such an economic context requires fiscal commitments from national governments, we analyse the economic rationale of setting fiscal rules for a common currency area and the resulting EU institutional frame for the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) and the Excessive Deficit Procedure …
Novel GPR120 agonist TUG891 modulates fat taste perception and preference and activates tongue-brain-gut axis in mice
2020
GPR120 is implicated as a lipid receptor in the oro-sensory detection of dietary fatty acids. However, the effects of GPR120 activation on dietary fat intake or obesity are not clearly understood. We investigated to determine whether the binding of TUG891, a novel GPR120 agonist, to lingual GPR120 modulates fat preference in mice. We explored the effects of TUG891 on obesity-related hormones and conducted behavioral choice tests on mice to better understand the physiologic relevance of the action of TUG891. In cultured mouse and human taste bud cells (TBCs), TUG891 induced a rapid increase in Ca2+ by acting on GPR120. A long-chain dietary fatty acid, linoleic acid (LA), also recruited Ca2+ …