Search results for "cadherin"
showing 10 items of 112 documents
The Role of Cadherins in Ca2+-Mediated Cell Adhesion and Inherited Photoreceptor Degeneration
2002
Cadherins are Ca2+-binding, transmembrane proteins involved in cell adhesion. Recently, three cadherin molecules, cadherin-23, protocadherin-15, and cadherin-3, were found to be defective in various human diseases, many of them with photoreceptor degeneration and/or sensorineural hearing loss as major features such Usher syndrome type 1D (USH1D), USH1F, and hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy. The process, by which mutations lead to photoreceptor degeneration is still not fully understood. Data from the inner ear phenotype of USH1 mouse models suggest that loss of cell adhesion is a crucial event.
Role of exosomes released by chronic myelogenous leukemia cells in angiogenesis
2012
The present study is designed to assess if exosomes released from Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) cells may modulate angiogenesis. We have isolated and characterized the exosomes generated from LAMA84 CML cells and demonstrated that addition of exosomes to human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) induces an increase of both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 cell adhesion molecules and interleukin-8 expression. The stimulation of cell-cell adhesion molecules was paralleled by a dose-dependent increase of adhesion of CML cells to a HUVEC monolayer. We further showed that the treatment with exosomes from CML cells caused an increase in endothelial cell motility accompanied by a loss of VE-cadherin and β-ca…
Bioactivity of well-defined green tea extracts in multicellular tumor spheroids.
2002
The effect of green tea extracts (GTE) of a reproducible, well-defined composition on cellular viability, proliferation, and antioxidant defense was investigated in multicellular spheroids derived from WiDr human colon adenocarcinoma cells. The maximum GTE concentration investigated, i.e. 100 micro g GTE/ml, was equivalent to the plasma concentration commonly measured in humans drinking 6-10 cups of green tea per day. This GTE concentration lead to a substantial retardation of spheroid volume growth with diameters reaching only half the size of untreated aggregates. Flow cytometric analysis and immunocytochemistry showed an enhanced accumulation of cells in G2/M and in the non-proliferating…
Complexus adhaerentes, a new group of desmoplakin-containing junctions in endothelial cells: II. Different types of lymphatic vessels.
1994
Abstract In diverse mammalian species, including (man, cow and rat) the very flat endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels of various organs, including the retothelial meshwork of sinus of lymph nodes, are connected by zonula -like plaque-bearing junctions which differ from the similarly structured junctions of blood vessel endothelia by the presence of desmoplakin or an as yet unknown but closely related plaque protein. These extended junctions, which also contain plakoglobin but none of the presently known desmogleins and desmocollins, are therefore different from the spot-like desmosomes ( maculae adhaerentes ) present in epithelia, myocardium and dendritic reticulum cells of lymphatic fol…
Expression of Hugl-1 is strongly reduced in malignant melanoma.
2005
The human gene Hugl-1 (Llgl/Lgl1) has significant homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene lethal(2)giant larvae (lgl). The lgl gene codes for a cortical cytoskeleton protein, Lgl, that is involved in maintaining cell polarity and epithelial integrity. We speculate that Hugl-1 might play a role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and that loss of Hugl-1 expression plays a role in the development or progression of malignant melanoma. Thus, we evaluated melanoma cell lines and tissue samples of malignant melanoma for loss of Hugl-1 transcription. We found that Hugl-1 was downregulated or lost in all cell lines and in most of the tumor samples analysed, and that these losses wer…
Prognostic value of E-cadherin expression in 413 gastric carcinomas
1996
E-cadherin is a Ca(2+)-dependent intercellular adhesion molecule known to exert an invasion-suppressor function. In the present study, E-cadherin expression was immunohistochemically investigated in a retrospective series of 413 RO-resected gastric carcinomas using the monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5H9. Of these cases, 108 tumors revealed a preserved E-cadherin expression similar to that of normal gastric mucosa. In 95 tumors, E-cadherin expression was moderately reduced and in 86 tumors highly reduced. In 124 tumors, no or only a very weak dotted expression could be detected. There was a significant correlation between the degree of E-cadherin expression and the grade of tumor differentiation,…
Loss of E-cadherin in the vicinity of necrosis in colorectal carcinomas: Association with NFκB expression
2007
The transcription factor NFkappaB regulates the expression of several tumor-related molecules associated with tumor progression and metastasis. However, the precise mechanisms by which its activation mediates these processes in diverse tumors are unknown. In this study we determined the expression of NFkappaB in various colorectal carcinoma cell lines, in a series of 90 non-metastatic and metastatic colorectal tumors and in an in vitro 3D-spheroid model of HT-29 cells simulating morphological hallmark of these adenocarcinomas, namely neoplastic glandular nests around a necrotic center. We show that the inactive cytoplasmic NFkappaB form is evidently up-regulated in the tumor epithelium, esp…
TCDD-dependent downregulation of gamma-catenin in rat liver epithelial cells (WB-F344).
2002
TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) is the most potent tumor promoter ever tested in rodents. Although it is known that most of the effects of TCDD are mediated by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the mechanisms leading to tumor promotion still remain to be elucidated. Loss of contact-inhibition is a characteristic hallmark in tumorigenesis. In WB-F344 cells, TCDD induces a release from contact-inhibition manifested by a 2- to 3-fold increase in DNA-synthesis and the emergence of foci when TCDD (1 nM) is given to confluent cells. We focussed our interest on potential cell membrane proteins mediating contact-inhibition in WB-F344 cells, namely E-cadherin, alpha,- beta,-…
Expression of M-cadherin protein in myogenic cells during prenatal mouse development and differentiation of embryonic stem cells in culture.
1994
Molecules regulating morphogenesis by cell-cell interactions are the cadherins, a class of calcium-dependent adhesion molecules. One of its members, M-cadherin, has been isolated from a myoblast cell line (Donalies et al. [1991] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:8024—8028). In mouse development, expression of M-cadherin mRNA first appears at day 8.5 of gestation (E8.5) in somites and has been postulated to be down-regulated in developing muscle masses (Moore and Walsh [1993] Development 117:1409—1420). Affinity-purified polyclonal M-cadherin antibodies, detecting a protein of approximately 120 kDa, were used to study the cell expression pattern of M-cadherin protein. It was first visualized …
Filopodia-like actin cables position nuclei in association with perinuclear actin in Drosophila nurse cells
2013
Summary Controlling the position of the nucleus is vital for a number of cellular processes from yeast to humans. In Drosophila nurse cells, nuclear positioning is crucial during dumping, when nurse cells contract and expel their contents into the oocyte. We provide evidence that in nurse cells, continuous filopodia-like actin cables, growing from the plasma membrane and extending to the nucleus, achieve nuclear positioning. These actin cables move nuclei away from ring canals. When nurse cells contract, actin cables associate laterally with the nuclei, in some cases inducing nuclear turning so that actin cables become partially wound around the nuclei. Our data suggest that a perinuclear a…