Search results for "carbon"
showing 10 items of 6057 documents
Mass spectrometric investigation of polymers: Thermal degradation of truxillic and truxinic polyamides
1975
The thermal degradation mechanism of four isomeric truxillic and truxinic polyamides were investigated by direct pyrolysis in the ion source of a mass spectrometer. Thermal degradation reactions were followed directly by this method by detecting the thermal and electron impact-induced fragments. The results obtained have shown that the thermal degradation products are sensibly different for the head-to-head (hh) and head-to-tail (ht) polymers and that the predominant pyrolytic process is the cyclobutane ring cleavage. In the hh isomers, both symmetrical and asymmetrical cyclobutane ring cleavage was detected, while in the ht isomers only symmetrical cleavage occurs; this explains the notice…
Reversible, room-temperature C—C bond activation of benzene by an isolable metal complex
2019
The activation of C-C bonds is of fundamental interest in the construction of complex molecules from petrochemical feedstocks. In the case of the archetypal aromatic hydrocarbon benzene, C-C cleavage is thermodynamically disfavored, and is brought about only by transient highly reactive species generated in situ. Here we show that the oxidative addition of the C-C bond in benzene by an isolated metal complex is not only possible, but occurs at room temperature and reversibly at a single aluminium center in [(NON)Al]- (where NON = 4,5-bis(2,6-diisopropylanilido)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene). Selectivity over C-H bond activation is achieved kinetically and allows for the generation…
Fate of Epdxides
1982
One of the most important reactions of epoxides appears to be the covalent binding to DNA which can lead to mutagenicity and is strongly suspected to be the primary lesion ultimately leading to initiation of cancer (Miller and Miller, 1974; Oesch, 1973; Jerina and Daly, 1974; Sims and Grover, 1974; Heidelberger, 1975; Gelboin et al., 1972). This review first describes structure-activity relationships for the mutagenicity of some epoxides and then outlines some findings on the metabolic control of the concentration of such epoxides by a number of enzymes.
Carbon nanostructures incorporated on methacrylate monoliths for separation of small molecules by nano-liquid chromatography
2018
Abstract Carbon nanostructures have been incorporated to polymethacrylate monoliths to develop novel stationary phases with enhanced separation performance in nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC). Two incorporation approaches of these nanomaterials in monoliths were investigated. Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) were first incorporated to the polymerization mixture, followed by UV initiation. The resulting stationary phases with embedded SWNHs led to an increase in the separation performance of analytes compared to the parent monolith. Alternatively, a two-step photo-grafting approach was also adopted to attach the carbon nanoparticles onto the polymer monolith surface. The effect of …
Selective recognition of aromatic hydrocarbons by endo-functionalized molecular tubes via C/N-H⋅⋅⋅π interactions
2018
Abstract Molecular recognition of aromatic hydrocarbons by four endo -functionalized molecular tubes has been studied by 1 H NMR spectroscopy, computational methods, and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The binding selectivity is rationalized by invoking shape complementarity and dipole alignment. The non-covalent interactions are proved to predominantly be C/N-H⋅⋅⋅ π interactions.
Early reductive stress followed by a late onset oxidative stress in acute myocardial infarction
2018
Introduction The idea that the cells might suffer from reductive rather than oxidative stress and that such stress may be relevant in pathophysiology has gained momentum. Aim We aimed at studying markers of oxidative stress and damage as well as the expression of antioxidant enzymes in a swine model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) followed by reperfusion. Results and Discussion We found an increase in the GSH to GSSG ratio, a decrease in protein glutathionylation and a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation after 90 minutes of ischaemia in heart samples. It was accompanied by an increase in the expression of Thioredoxin (TrX) and Peroxiredoxin (PrX) and a decrease in the expression of Gl…
G6PD Overexpression Protects Mice Against Associated Oxidative Stress and Delays the Occurrence of Frailty
2016
To assess the impact of lifelong overexpression of G6PD on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-derived damage and the prevention of frailty, we measured the levels of macromolecular oxidative damage in young and old mice and the we tested the neuromuscular fitness and the grip strength in old mice. Old G6PD-Tg male and female mice showed diminished accumulation of DNA oxidation (measured as 8-hydroxyguanosine or 8-OHdG) in liver and brain. Old females also showed reduced lipid oxidation (measured as malondialdehyde or MDA) in the liver. Old G6PD-Tg males, but not females, presented a small but significant increase in brain protein carbonylation. In accordance with these findings, liver from 2-yea…
Ruthenium(II) meso-tetra-(benzo-15-crown-5)-porphyrinates: synthesis and spectroscopic investigation
2007
The synthesis of novel ruthenium(II) meso-tetra-(benzo-15-crown-5)-porphyrinates, meso-[( B 15 C 5)4 Por ] Ru ( CO )( MeOH ) (1) and meso-[( B 15 C 5)4 Por ] Ru ( L )2 (2)-(4) (meso-[( B 15 C 5)4 Por ]2-= 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(benzo-15-crown-5)-porphyrinato-dianion; L = pyridine (py), pyrazine (pyz), 4,4′-bipyridyl (4,4′-bpy)), where CO and MeOH , or two N -donor ligands are axially coordinated to the central metal, are reported. The metalation of the free ligand performed by the reaction of Ru 3( CO )12 with meso-[( B 15 C 5)4 Por ] H 2 in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB, bp = 215°C), gives (1) in a high yield. The synthesis of (2)-(4) involves the decarbonylation of (1) with trimethylamine N …
Susceptibility of Methyl 3-Amino-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate to Acylation
2009
Abstract In the search for a new method of synthesis of hybrid peptides with aminopyrazole carboxylic acid, we tried to force selective acylation at the aromatic amino group instead of at the ring nitrogen atom with fairly gentle acylating agents. The acylating agents used were acid anhydrides: acetic anhydride, tert-butyl pyrocarbonate, and 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxyacetic acid/dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. We succceded in acylation at this amino group with almost none at the ring nitrogen atom. Sometimes, however, acylation in small quantities at the ring nitrogen atom was observed as a by-product. To remove this by-product, imidazole was used. Thus, we were able to obtain the hybrid peptides …
Multicomponent Synthesis of Benzothiophen-2-acetic Esters by a Palladium Iodide Catalyzed S-cyclization – Alkoxycarbonylation Sequence
2021
A catalytic carbonylative approach to the multicomponent synthesis of benzothiophene derivatives from simple building blocks [1-(2-(methylthio)phenyl)prop-2-yn-1-ols, carbon monoxide, and an alcohol)] is presented. It is based on an S-cyclization-demethylation-alkoxycarbonylation-reduction sequence promoted by the PdI2/KI catalytic system, occurring under relatively mild conditions (40 atm, 80 °C, 15 h). Benzothiophene-2-acetic esters are obtained in moderate to good yields (35–70%) starting from variously substituted substrates in combination with different alcohols as external nucleophiles (17 examples). (Figure presented.).