Search results for "carbon"

Response of Soil Microbial Communities to Iron-Porphyrin Catalytic Amendments.

2010

Intensive agricultural practices strongly increase CO2 emission from soil. Synthetic metal-porphyrins were shown to significantly decreased CO2 emission from soil due to an in-situ catalysis of oxidative polymerization of soil organic matter. This research aimed to assess the effects of iron-porphyrin (POR) amendments on soil microbial communities in three arable soils under wheat and maize cropping located in Naples, Turin and Piacenza, characterized by different pedological and climatic conditions. Bulk-soil and rhizo-soil were sampled during 4 years and the microbial groups directly involved in organic matter (OM) mineralization and in key processes of the nitrogen cycle were examined. M…

Effect of iron-porphyrin treatment on soil microbial communities

2009

Intensive agricultural management have led to an increasing transfer of carbon from soil organic matter (SOM) to atmospheric CO2. It is noteworthy that the flux of CO2 from the soil is ten times greater than fossil fuel emission from industrial and automotive activities. Piccolo and co-workers (1999) suggested that hydrophobic humic components in soil exerted hydrophobic protection towards easily degradable compounds. They postulated that associations of apolar molecules deriving from plant degradation and microbial activity incorporate more polar molecules, thus preventing their otherwise rapid microbial degradation and enhancing their persistence in soil. Moreover, synthetic metal-porphyr…

Effect of agricultural practices on soil microbial communities

2008

Soil carbon sequestration is an important and immediate sink for removing atmospheric carbon dioxide and slowing global warming. Agricultural practices strongly impact CO2 emission from the soil and the loss of soil organic matter is lower when “no-till” agriculture is practiced. The present work was performed in order to investigate effects of different agricultural practices on soil microbial communities. Field experiments took place at three Italian locations strongly differing in pedological, chemical and climatic characteristics: Naples, Turin and Piacenza. Soils were subjected to four management practices such as traditional (TRA), minimum tillage (MIN) and amendments with compost (CO…

Micelles in Mixtures of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and a Bolaform Surfactant

2006

Mixtures composed of water, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and a bolaform surfactant with two aza-crown ethers as polar headgroups (termed Bola C-16) were investigated by modulating the mole ratios between the components. The two surfactants have ionic and nonionic, but ionizable, headgroups, respectively. The ionization is due to the complexation of alkali ions by the aza-crown ether unit(s). Structural, thermodynamic, and transport properties of the above mixtures were investigated. Results from surface tension, translational self-diffusion, and small angle neutron scattering ( SANS) are reported and discussed. Interactions between the two surfactants to form mixed micelles result in a com…

Chemoselective, Substrate-directed Fluorination of Functionalized Cyclopentane β-Amino Acids

2016

This work describes a substrate-directed fluorination of some highly functionalized cyclopentane derivatives. The cyclic products incorporating CH2 F or CHF2 moieties in their structure have been synthesized from diexo- or diendo-norbornene β-amino acids following a stereocontrolled strategy. The synthetic study was based on an oxidative transformation of the ring carbon-carbon double bond of the norbornene β-amino acids, followed by transformation of the resulted "all cis" and "trans" diformyl intermediates by fluorination with "chemodifferentiation".

Reuse of Food Waste: The Chemical Composition and Health Properties of Pomelo (Citrus maxima) Cultivar Essential Oils

2022

The aim of the present study is to investigate the chemical profile, antioxidant activity, carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzyme inhibition, and hypolipidemic effect of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Sicilian Citrus maxima (pomelo) flavedo. Using gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) we analysed the Eos of five cultivars of C. maxima, namely, ‘Chadock’, ‘Maxima’, ‘Pyriformis’, ‘Terracciani’, and ‘Todarii’, and their blends. The antioxidant activity was performed by using a multi-target approach using 2,2′-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reduc…

Bicarbonate sodium oral-rinse in patients with oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy: does it give a real chance for management?

2020

Rational Chemical Multifunctionalization of Graphene Interface Enhances Targeted Cancer Therapy

2020

The synthesis of a drug delivery platform based on graphene was achieved through a step‐by‐step strategy of selective amine deprotection and functionalization. The multifunctional graphene platform, functionalized with indocyanine green, folic acid, and doxorubicin showed an enhanced anticancer activity. The remarkable targeting capacity for cancer cells in combination with the synergistic effect of drug release and photothermal properties prove the great advantage of a combined chemo‐ and phototherapy based on graphene against cancer, opening the doors to future therapeutic applications of this type of material.

Amorphous Polyphosphate and Ca‐Carbonate Nanoparticles Improve the Self‐Healing Properties of both Technical and Medical Cements

2020

Cement is used both as a construction material and for medical applications. Previously, it has been shown that the physiological polymer inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is morphogenetically active in regeneration of skin, bone, and cartilage. The present study investigates the question if this polymer is also a suitable additive to improve the self-healing capacity not only of construction cement but also of inorganic bone void fillers. For the application in the cement, two different polyP-based amorphous nanoparticles (NP) are prepared, amorphous Ca-polyP NP and amorphous Ca-carbonate (ACC) NP. The particles are integrated into poly(methyl methacrylate) in a concentration ratio of 1:10. …

Numerical experimental analysis of hybrid double lap aluminum-CFRP joints

2015

Abstract Due to their reliability and ease of assembly, both the adhesively bonded and the mechanical joints are commonly used in different fields of modern industrial design and manufacturing, to joint composite materials or composites with metals. As it is well known, adhesively bonded joints are characterized by high stiffness and good fatigue life, although delamination phenomena localized near the free edges may limit their use, especially for applications where corrosive environments and/or moisture can lead to premature failure of the bonding. In these cases, a possible alternative is given by the well-known mechanical joints. On the contrary, these last joints (bolted, riveted) requ…