Search results for "cardiorespiratory"

Associations between changes in physical fitness and psychological difficulties status among Norwegian adolescents

2021

Abstract Objectives To investigate the associations for one-year changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and body mass index, with psychological difficulties status in adolescents. Methods Norwegian 14-15-year-olds (n = 925) participated in data collection at two time points separated by one year. Psychological difficulties were assessed via the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire and data from follow-up serve as the dependent variable. Cardiorespiratory fitness (the Andersen-test), muscular strength (Eurofit) and body mass index were measured. Change scores were calculated from the physical fitness variables and serve as independent variables in linear mixed effects mo…

Combined effect of sauna bathing and cardiorespiratory fitness on the risk of sudden cardiac deaths in Caucasian men : a long-term prospective cohort…

2018

Both cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and frequency of sauna bathing (FSB) are each strongly and independently associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk. However, the combined effect of CRF and FSB on SCD risk has not been previously investigated. We evaluated the joint impact of CRF and FSB on the risk of SCD in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease prospective cohort study of 2291 men aged 42–61 years at recruitment. Objectively measured CRF and self-reported sauna bathing habits were assessed at baseline. CRF was categorized as low and high (median cutoffs) and FSB as low and high (defined as ≤2 and 3–7 sessions/week respectively). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with confide…

2021

Introduction (Neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer has a deleterious impact on muscle tissue resulting in reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle mass and function. Physical exercise during treatment may counteract some of these negative effects. However, the effects of resistance training (RT) alone have never been explored. The present study aims to investigate if heavy-load RT during (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy counteracts deleterious effects on skeletal muscle in women diagnosed with breast cancer. We hypothesize that (neo-)adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy will reduce muscle fiber size, impair mitochondrial function, and increase indicators of cellular stress and …

Information Decomposition in Bivariate Systems: Theory and Application to Cardiorespiratory Dynamics

2015

In the framework of information dynamics, the temporal evolution of coupled systems can be studied by decomposing the predictive information about an assigned target system into amounts quantifying the information stored inside the system and the information transferred to it. While information storage and transfer are computed through the known self-entropy (SE) and transfer entropy (TE), an alternative decomposition evidences the so-called cross entropy (CE) and conditional SE (cSE), quantifying the cross information and internal information of the target system, respectively. This study presents a thorough evaluation of SE, TE, CE and cSE as quantities related to the causal statistical s…

Cardiorespiratory Responses Induced by Various Military Field Tasks

2014

Typical military tasks include load carriage, digging, and lifting loads. To avoid accumulation of fatigue, it is important to know the energy expenditure of soldiers during such tasks. The purpose of this study was to measure cardiorespiratory responses during military tasks in field conditions. Unloaded (M1) and loaded (M2) marching, artillery field preparation (AFP), and digging of defensive positions (D) were monitored. 15 conscripts carried additional weight of military outfit (5.4 kg) during M1, AFP, and D and during M2 full combat gear (24.4 kg). Absolute and relative oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) of M1 (n = 8) were 1.5 ± 0.1 L min(-1), 19.9 ± 2.7 mL kg(-1) min(-1) (42 ± 7%…

Experiences from a randomised, controlled trial on cycling to school: does cycling increase cardiorespiratory fitness?

2012

Aims: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of a 12-week randomised controlled cycling-to-school trial on cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods: A total of 53 10- to 13-year-old children from one public school were included. The children were randomised into either a cycling group or a control group. The cycling group was encouraged to cycle to and from school each day during a period of 12 weeks. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and anthropometrical data (weight and height) were measured at baseline and at the end of the 12-week period. Results: No significant differences were observed in VO2peak change over the 12-week period between the cycling group and the con…

Motor Competence and Health-related Fitness of School-Age Children: A Two-Year Latent Transition Analysis

2021

PURPOSE The aims of this study were twofold: 1) to identify latent physical performance profiles of motor competence (MC) and cardiorespiratory (CF) and muscular fitness (MF) among school-age children and 2) explore transition probabilities in physical performance profiles over a 2-yr period. METHODS The present sample comprised 1148 (583 girls, 565 boys) elementary school students (baseline Mage = 11.27 ± 0.32), and data were collected annually (equal intervals) over a period of 2 yr which resulted in a total of three measurements. The measures used were the throwing-catching combination test, 5-leaps and two-legged jumps from side-to-side test (MC), 20-meter shuttle run test (CF), and cur…

Arterial Stiffness and Its Relationship to Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children and Young Adults with a Fontan Circulation

2019

There are no previous studies on arterial stiffness and its associations with cardiorespiratory fitness in young Fontan patients. Therefore, we examined the arterial stiffness and its relationship to cardiorespiratory fitness in children and young adults with a Fontan circulation. Altogether, 17 Fontan patients and 26 healthy controls (16 females and 27 males aged 8–40 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. The cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a cycle ergometer and was defined as the standard deviation scores (SDS) of peak oxygen uptake per body mass (VO2peak/kg) based on the national reference values and assessed with cardiopulmonary…

Differences in cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular responses between voluntary and stimulated contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscle.

2006

The aim of this study was to compare respiratory gas exchange variables and muscle fatigue between equal-intensity (i.e., same force output) electrostimulated and voluntary contractions of the quadriceps muscle (46+/-10% of maximal voluntary force). Twelve healthy men served as volunteers. Oxygen consumption, ventilation and respiratory exchange ratio were recorded during the exercise bouts. Muscle fatigue was quantified as the exercise-induced reduction in maximal voluntary force. The average oxygen consumption (11+/-3 versus 8+/-2 mL min(-1)kg(-1)), ventilation (23+/-4 versus 16+/-2 L min(-1)) and respiratory exchange ratio (0.96+/-0.02 versus 0.85+/-0.01) were significantly higher during…

Copenhagen consensus statement 2019: physical activity and ageing

2019

From 19th to 22nd November 2018, 26 researchers representing nine countries and a variety of academic disciplines met in Snekkersten, Denmark, to reach evidence-based consensus about physical activity and older adults. It was recognised that the term ‘older adults’ represents a highly heterogeneous population. It encompasses those that remain highly active and healthy throughout the life-course with a high intrinsic capacity to the very old and frail with low intrinsic capacity. The consensus is drawn from a wide range of research methodologies within epidemiology, medicine, physiology, neuroscience, psychology and sociology, recognising the strength and limitations of each of the methods. …