Search results for "carnitine"
showing 10 items of 96 documents
Mildronate, the inhibitor of l-carnitine transport, induces brain mitochondrial uncoupling and protects against anoxia-reoxygenation
2013
Abstract The preservation of mitochondrial function is essential for normal brain function after ischaemia-reperfusion injury. l -carnitine is a cofactor involved in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. Recently, it has been shown that mildronate, an inhibitor of l -carnitine transport, improves neurological outcome after ischaemic damage of brain tissues. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mitochondria targeted neuroprotective action of mildronate in the model of anoxia-reoxygenation-induced injury. Wistar rats were treated daily with mildronate ( per os ; 100 mg/kg) for 14 days. The acyl-carnitine profile was determined in the brain tissues. Mitochondrial respirati…
Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: a severe fatty acid oxidation disorder
1994
3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is a newly recognised fatty acid oxidation disorder with a usually fatal outcome. We present a further patient who presented with hypoketotic hypoglycaemia, hepatopathy, secondary carnitine deficiency and increased plasma long-chain acylcarnitines. 3-Hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria was present and the diagnosis confirmed in cultured skin fibroblasts. Our patient is compared with those reported in the literature with respect to clinical symptoms, differential diagnosis and possible therapeutic regimens.
Choline Metabolism and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure in the PREDIMED Study
2020
Abstract Background Few studies have examined the associations of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors (choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, and L-carnitine) with the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). This study sought to investigate these associations. Methods Prospective associations of these metabolites with incident AF and HF were examined among participants at high cardiovascular risk in the PREDIMED study (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) after follow-up for about 10 years. Two nested case-control studies were conducted, including 509 AF incident cases matched to 618 controls and 326 HF incident cases matched to 426 controls. Plasma levels of TMAO an…
Effects of dietary treatment of rats with eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid on hepatic lipid metabolism
1998
(1) Effects of dietary treatment of male albino rats with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid on hepatic mitochondrial lipid metabolism have been investigated. (2) Mitochondria isolated from rats given these treatments were shown to have increased ability to respire on acyl-CoA esters in the presence of malonate. This effect was expressed with most of the long-chain acyl-CoA esters used as substrates. When malonate in the incubations was replaced with malate, mitochondria from treated animals were found to exhibit diminished rates of respiration on polyunsaturated acyl-CoA esters, in particular linolenoyl-, eicosapentaenoyl- and docosahexaenoyl-CoA. This phenomenon could not…
Plasma Acylcarnitines and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk
2019
[Context] The potential associations between acylcarnitine profiles and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and whether acylcarnitines can be used to improve diabetes prediction remain unclear.
Administration of L-carnitine and mildronate improves endothelial function and decreases mortality in hypertensive Dahl rats.
2010
Hypertension is a well established risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases and increased mortality. This study was performed to investigate the effects of the administration of L-carnitine or mildronate, an inhibitor of L-carnitine biosynthesis, or their combination on the development of hypertension-related complications in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats fed with a high salt diet. Male DS rats were fed laboratory chow containing 8% NaCl from 7 weeks of age. Experimental animals were divided into five groups and treated for 8 weeks with vehicle (water; n = 10), L-carnitine (100 mg/kg, n = 10), mildronate (100 mg/kg, n = 10) or a combination of L-carnitine and mildronate at…
Carnitine congener mildronate protects against stress- and haloperidol-induced impairment in memory and brain protein expression in rats.
2014
The present study investigates the efficacy of mildronate, a carnitine congener, to protect stress and haloperidol-induced impairment of memory in rats and the expression of brain protein biomarkers involved in synaptic plasticity, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), acetylcholine esterase and glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67). Two amnesia models were used: 2h immobilization stress and 3-week haloperidol treatment. Stress caused memory impairment in the passive avoidance test and induced a significant 2-fold BDNF elevation in hippocampal and striatal tissues that was completely inhibited by mildronate. Mildronate decreased the level of GAD67 (but not acetylcholine esterase) e…
Carnitine transport into muscular cells. inhibition of transport and cell growth by mildronate
2000
Carnitine is involved in the transfer of fatty acids across mitochondrial membranes. Carnitine is found in dairy and meat products, but is also biosynthesized from lysine and methionine via a process that, in rat, takes place essentially in the liver. After intestinal absorption or hepatic biosynthesis, carnitine is transferred to organs whose metabolism is dependent on fatty acid oxidation, such as heart and skeletal muscle. In skeletal muscle, carnitine concentration was found to be 50 times higher than in the plasma, implicating an active transport system for carnitine. In this study, we characterized this transport in isolated rat myotubes, established mouse C2C12 myoblastic cells, and …
Hepatic steatosis is not due to impaired fatty acid oxidation capacities in C57BL/6J mice fed the conjugated trans-10,cis-12-isomer of linoleic acid.
2004
Decreased body fat mass and liver steatosis have been reported in mice fed diets containing the conjugated linoleic acid trans-10,cis-12-C18:2 (CLA2), but not in those fed diets containing cis-9,trans-11-C18:2 (CLA1). Because the decrease in fatty acid (FA) oxidation may cause fat accumulation, we questioned whether the effects of both CLAs on enzyme activities and mRNA expression were related to liver FA oxidation. To address this question, 7-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed for 4 wk a diet supplemented with 1% CLA1, CLA2, or cis-9-C18:1 (control) esterified as triacylglycerols. In CLA2-fed mice, the proportions of CLA2 in the total FA of liver lipids were substantially lower than those …
Autism and Intellectual Disability Associated with Mitochondrial Disease and Hyperlactacidemia
2015
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with intellectual disability (ID) is a life-long debilitating condition, which is characterized by cognitive function impairment and other neurological signs. Children with ASD-ID typically attain motor skills with a significant delay. A sub-group of ASD-IDs has been linked to hyperlactacidemia and alterations in mitochondrial respiratory chain activity. The objective of this report is to describe the clinical features of patients with these comorbidities in order to shed light on difficult diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in such patients. We reported the different clinical features of children with ID associated with hyperlactacidemia and deficiencies i…