Search results for "case-control"

showing 10 items of 1685 documents

Atlases with Arcuate Foramen Present Cortical Bone Thickening That May Contribute to Lower Fracture Risk.

2018

To date, no information about the cortical bone microstructural properties in atlas vertebrae with arcuate foramen has been reported. As a result, we aimed to test in an experimental model if there is a cortical bone thickening in an atlas vertebra which has an arcuate foramen that may play a protective role against bone fracture.We analyzed by means of micro-computed tomography the cortical bone thickness, the cortical volume, and the medullary volume (SkyScan 1172 Bruker micro-CT NV, Kontich, Belgium) in cadaveric dry atlas vertebrae with arcuate foramen and without arcuate foramen. We also reviewed a case series of 31 posterior atlas arch fractures to correlate the possible presence in t…

MaleMedullary cavityVertebral artery030209 endocrinology & metabolism03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinestomatognathic systemAtlas (anatomy)CadaverRisk Factorsmedicine.arterymedicineCadaverCortical BoneHumansCervical AtlasArcuate foramenbusiness.industryAnatomyBone fractureX-Ray MicrotomographyMiddle Agedmusculoskeletal systemmedicine.diseaseVertebramedicine.anatomical_structureCase-Control StudiesSpinal FracturesSurgeryCortical boneNeurology (clinical)business030217 neurology & neurosurgeryWorld neurosurgery
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Chromium Exposure and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in High Cardiovascular Risk Subjects　― Nested Case-Control Study in the Prevention With Mediterr…

2017

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data on chromium (Cr) exposure and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are still limited. Toenail Cr level (TCL) provides a time-integrated measure reflecting long-term Cr exposure. We measured TCL to assess the hypothesis that long-term Cr exposure was inversely associated with incident CVD in a population at high risk for CVD.Methods and Results:The associations between TCL and CVD were evaluated in a case-control study nested within the "PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea" (PREDIMED) trial. We randomly selected 147 of the 288 patients diagnosed with CVD during follow-up and matched them on age and sex to 271 controls. Instrumental neutron activation analys…

MaleMetalls -- Efectes fisiològicsChromiumPREDIMED0301 basic medicineMediterranean diet010501 environmental sciencesDiet Mediterranean01 natural sciences03 medical and health sciencesMediterranean cookingRisk FactorsCuina mediterràniaHumansMedicineToenail biomarkerAged0105 earth and related environmental sciencesAged 80 and overDiabetis030109 nutrition & dieteticsMalalties cardiovascularsbusiness.industryDiabetesGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedAtencion primariaCardiovascular diseasePredimedDietCardiovascular DiseasesSpainCase-Control StudiesNested case-control studyDietaFemaleCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicinebusinessHumanitiesOlive oilCirculation Journal
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Common variants in the HLA-DQ region confer susceptibility to idiopathic achalasia

2014

Idiopathic achalasia is characterized by a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax due to a loss of neurons in the myenteric plexus(1,2). This ultimately leads to massive dilatation and an irreversibly impaired megaesophagus. We performed a genetic association study in 1,068 achalasia cases and 4,242 controls and fine-mapped a strong MHC association signal by imputing classical HLA haplotypes and amino acid polymorphisms. An eight-residue insertion at position 227-234 in the cytoplasmic tail of HLA-DQ beta 1 (encoded by HLA-DQB1*05:03 and HLA-DQB1*06:01) confers the strongest risk for achalasia (P = 1.73 x 10(-19)). In addition, two amino acid substitutions in the. extracellular …

MaleModels MolecularAchalasiaImmunogeneticsBiologyMajor histocompatibility complexPolymorphism Single Nucleotidedigestive systemHLA-DQ alpha-ChainsHLA-DQ AntigensHLA-DQotorhinolaryngologic diseasesGeneticsmedicineHLA-DQ beta-ChainsHumansGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseEsophagusAllelesGenetic Association StudiesGenetic associationGeneticsAchalasiaMotility disorderASSOCIATIONmedicine.diseasedigestive system diseasesEsophageal AchalasiaINSIGHTSLogistic Modelsmedicine.anatomical_structureAmino Acid SubstitutionHaplotypesCase-Control StudiesImmunologybiology.proteinFemaleIdiopathic achalasiageneticMHCNature Genetics
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Relationship between quality of life and behavioural disorders in children with persistent asthma: a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model

2020

AbstractKnowledge on multiple interdependences between quality of life (QoL) and behavioural problems in relation to asthma severity and control is undetermined. The aims of the study were: (i) to assess the relationship of QoL and behavioural problems with asthma severity and control (ii) to predict children’s “abnormal/borderline” status with variation in QoL. For these purposes a multicenter case-control study on 47 Severe Asthma (SA) and 94 Moderate Asthma (MA) children was performed. The MIMIC approach was applied to investigate the effect of SA and non-controlled asthma (NC) on QoL and behavioural disorders. Logistic regression was used to estimate probabilities of having an “abnormal…

MaleModerate asthmaAsthma severitylcsh:Medicine010501 environmental sciencesBehavioural disordersLogistic regressionPaediatric research01 natural sciencesArticle03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineMedical researchQuality of lifechildrenHuman behaviourmedicineHumansPsychologyChildlcsh:Science0105 earth and related environmental sciencesAsthmaProblem BehaviorMultidisciplinarybusiness.industrychildren asthmalcsh:RCase-control studyasthmamedicine.diseasehumanitiesbehavioural disorderLogistic Models030228 respiratory systembehavioural disordersquality of lifeCase-Control StudiesFemalelcsh:QPersistent asthmabusinessClinical psychology
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Search for genetic factors associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis.

2006

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by type-1 cytokine production. Environmental and individual genetic background might influence this response particularly in cytokine gene polymorphisms. We evaluated whether polymorphisms of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha genes, which might play a role in MS pathogenesis, are associated with MS susceptibility. Genotype frequencies for all the analyzed polymorphisms were not differently distributed between cases and controls. It is reasonable to suppose that the cytokine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) studied must be considered against a larger genetic background involving …

MaleMultiple Sclerosismedicine.medical_treatmentSingle-nucleotide polymorphismBiologyPolymorphism Single NucleotideGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyHistory and Philosophy of ScienceGene FrequencymedicineSNPHumansGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGeneticsAutoimmune diseasePolymorphism GeneticTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaGeneral NeuroscienceMultiple sclerosisInterleukinmedicine.diseaseInterleukin-12Genotype frequencyInterleukin-10tumor necrosis factor alpha genetic polymorphism genetic susceptibility genotype heredity human major clinical studyInterleukin 10CytokineCase-Control StudiesImmunologyCytokinesFemaleDisease SusceptibilityAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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The importance of the reproducibility of oropharyngeal swallowing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. An electrophysiological study

2017

Abstract Objective To investigate electrophysiologically the reproducibility of oropharyngeal swallowing in patients with ALS. Methods We enrolled 26 ALS patients, both with and without clinical signs of dysphagia, and 30 age-matched controls. The reproducibility of the electrophysiological signals related to the oral phase (electromyographic activity of the submental/suprahyoid muscles) and the pharyngeal phase (laryngeal-pharyngeal mechanogram) of swallowing across repeated swallows was assessed. To do this we computed two similarity indexes (SI) by using previously described mathematical algorithms. Results The reproducibility of oropharyngeal swallowing was significantly reduced both in…

MaleNeurologyElectromyographyAudiology0302 clinical medicineAmyotrophic lateral sclerosisDeglutition Disorder030223 otorhinolaryngologySimilarity indexmedicine.diagnostic_testdigestive oral and skin physiologyDysphagiaMiddle AgedDysphagiaSensory Systemsmedicine.anatomical_structureNeurologyAnesthesiaSuprahyoid musclesFemalemedicine.symptomCase-Control StudieHumanAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyReproducibility of Result03 medical and health sciencesstomatognathic systemSwallowingALS; Deglutition; Dysphagia; Electrophysiological evaluation of swallowing; Motor neuron disease; Similarity index; Adult; Aged; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Case-Control Studies; Deglutition Disorders; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pharynx; Reproducibility of Results; Deglutition; Sensory Systems; Neurology; Neurology (clinical); Physiology (medical)Physiology (medical)otorhinolaryngologic diseasesmedicineHumansMotor neuron diseaseAgedbusiness.industryElectromyographyPharynxAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisReproducibility of Resultsmedicine.diseaseElectrophysiological evaluation of swallowingDeglutitionCase-Control StudiesPharynxNeurology (clinical)ALSbusinessSensory SystemDeglutition Disorders030217 neurology & neurosurgeryOropharyngeal dysphagiaAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosi
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The Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Airway Inflammation of Childhood Asthma

2013

TGF-beta-targeting structural and inflammatory cells has been implicated in the mechanisms leading to the inflammatory and restructuring processes in asthma, suggesting an impact of TGF-beta1 signaling on the development and persistency of this disease. We investigated the potential early involvement of TGF-beta1 activity in the immunological and molecular mechanisms underlying progression of inflammation in childhood asthma. We evaluated the levels of TGF-beta1 in induced sputum supernatants (ISSs) and the expression of small mother cell against decapentaplegic (Smad) 2 and Smad7 proteins in induced sputum cells (ISCs) from children with intermittent asthma (IA), moderate asthma (MA) and c…

MaleNeutrophilsSmad2 ProteinSMADEosinophilAdrenal Cortex HormoneSeverity of Illness IndexAdrenal Cortex HormonesImmunology and AllergyAge FactorPhosphorylationChildLungNeutrophilAge FactorsBronchodilator Agentsmedicine.anatomical_structureFemalemedicine.symptomCase-Control StudieHumanSignal TransductionGranulocyte activationAdolescentImmunologyAge Factors; Humans; Child; Macrophage-1 Antigen; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Granulocytes; Neutrophils; Phosphorylation; Eosinophils; Adolescent; Signal Transduction; Male; Severity of Illness Index; Respiratory Mucosa; Asthma; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Epithelial Cells; Lung; Smad2 Protein; Case-Control Studies; Smad7 Protein; Sputum; Administration Inhalation; Bronchodilator Agents; Cell Line; Female; Cell AdhesionMacrophage-1 AntigenCD18InflammationRespiratory MucosaGranulocyteCell LineSmad7 ProteinTransforming Growth Factor beta1Administration InhalationCell AdhesionmedicineHumansCell adhesionBronchodilator AgentPharmacologyEpithelial Cellbusiness.industrySputumGranulocyteEpithelial CellsEosinophilAsthmaEosinophilsCase-Control StudiesImmunologySputumbusinessGranulocytesInternational Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
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Occupational solvent exposure and risk of glioma in the INTEROCC study

2017

BACKGROUND: The aetiology of glioma remains largely unknown. Occupational solvent exposure has been suggested as a putative cause of glioma, but past studies have been inconsistent. We examined the association between a range of solvents and glioma risk within the INTEROCC project, a study of brain tumours and occupational exposures based on data from seven national case-control studies conducted in the framework of the INTERPHONE study. We also investigated associations according to tumour grade.METHODS: Data from the seven countries were standardised and then combined into one aggregate data set. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for adjusted models that included sex, age, country-r…

MaleOncologyMESH: United KingdomCancer ResearchEpidemiology[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]MESH: Neoplasm GradingMESH: SolventsMESH: Occupational ExposureMESH: GliomaTumor gradechemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineRisk FactorsMESH: New ZealandMESH: Risk FactorsGermanyOdds RatioIsraelYoung adultMESH: AgedOccupationMESH: Middle AgedBrain NeoplasmsAge FactorsMESH: IsraelGliomaMiddle Aged030210 environmental & occupational healthMESH: Case-Control Studies3. Good healthOncologyMESH: Young Adult030220 oncology & carcinogenesisSolventMESH: Brain NeoplasmsFemaleFranceAdultCanadamedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentCase–control studyJob-exposure matrixMESH: AustraliaYoung Adult03 medical and health sciencesSex FactorsMESH: Sex FactorsMESH: CanadaOccupational ExposureInternal medicineGliomamedicineJournal ArticleHumansMESH: GermanyAgedMESH: AdolescentMESH: Age FactorsMESH: Humansbusiness.industryAustraliaCase-control studyMESH: AdultOdds ratiomedicine.diseaseUnited KingdomConfidence intervalMESH: MaleMESH: Odds RatioMESH: FrancechemistryCase-Control StudiesSolventsNeoplasm GradingSolvent exposurebusinessMESH: FemaleNew Zealand
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Lack of association between miR-27a, miR-146a, miR-196a-2, miR-492 and miR-608 gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer

2014

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide with high mortality rates. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have an established role in the development of different cancers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA related genes were linked with various gastrointestinal malignancies. However, the data on association between miRNA SNPs and CRC development are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between miRNA-related gene polymorphisms (miR-27a, miR-146a, miR-196a-2, miR-492 and miR-608) and the presence of CRC in European population. Gene polymorphisms were analyzed in 621 subjects (controls: n = 428; CRC: n = 193). MiR-27a T>C (rs895819), …

MaleOncologymedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypeColorectal cancerSingle-nucleotide polymorphismLower riskPolymorphism Single NucleotideWhite PeopleArticleGene FrequencyRisk FactorsInternal medicinemicroRNAGenotypeOdds RatioHumansMedicineAlleleGeneAllelesAgedGeneticsMultidisciplinarybusiness.industryOdds ratioMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseMicroRNAsCase-Control StudiesFemaleColorectal NeoplasmsbusinessScientific Reports
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Erythrocyte Phospholipid and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition in Diabetic Retinopathy

2014

Background: Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) including docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid are suspected to play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. LCPUFAs are known to be preferentially concentrated in specific phospholipids termed as plasmalogens. This study was aimed to highlight potential changes in the metabolism of phospholipids, and particularly plasmalogens, and LCPUFAs at various stages of diabetic retinopathy in humans. Methodology and Principal Findings: We performed lipidomic analyses on red blood cell membranes from controls and mainly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with or without retinopathy. The fatty acid composition of erythrocytes was det…

MaleOrganes des senslcsh:MedicineType 2 diabetesBiochemistrySeverity of Illness Indexchemistry.chemical_compoundMELLITUS0302 clinical medicineMedicine and Health SciencesMedicineOXIDATIVE STRESSlcsh:ScienceRETINAPhospholipidschemistry.chemical_classification0303 health sciencesCOMPLICATIONSMultidisciplinaryINSULIN SENSITIVITYFatty AcidsDiabetic retinopathyMiddle AgedLipids3. Good healthDocosahexaenoic acid[ SDV.MHEP.OS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory OrgansFatty Acids UnsaturatedPhosphatidylcholinesRetinal DisordersArachidonic acidlipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)FemalePolyunsaturated fatty acidRetinopathyResearch ArticleEXPRESSIONAdultmedicine.medical_specialtySensory OrgansPlasmalogensPhospholipidMédecine humaine et pathologie030209 endocrinology & metabolism03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicineDiabetes mellitus[ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathologyDiabetes MellitusHumans[SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory OrgansRetinopathy030304 developmental biologyAgedDiabetic Retinopathybusiness.industryPhosphatidylethanolamineslcsh:RErythrocyte MembraneBiology and Life SciencesDOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDmedicine.diseaseLipid MetabolismENDOTHELIAL-CELLSDOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID;INSULIN SENSITIVITY;ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS;OXIDATIVE STRESS;RETINA;LIPIDS;DEFORMABILITY;COMPLICATIONS;EXPRESSION;MELLITUSOphthalmologyEndocrinologyDiabetes Mellitus Type 1chemistryDiabetes Mellitus Type 2Metabolic DisordersCase-Control Studieslcsh:QHuman health and pathologybusiness[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathologyDEFORMABILITYPLoS ONE
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