Search results for "cationic polymerization"
showing 10 items of 441 documents
Bis(oxalato)chromium(III) complexes: Versatile tectons in designing heterometallic coordination compounds
2011
Abstract The mononuclear oxalato-containing chromium(III) complexes of general formula [Cr(AA)(C2O4)2]− (AA = α-diimine type ligand) are able to produce a large variety of heterometallic complexes by acting as ligands towards either fully solvated metal ions or preformed cationic complexes with available coordination sites. This review focuses on the structural diversity of the polynuclear complexes (oligonuclear and coordination polymers) which are generated by the bis(oxalato)chromate(III) species, with a special emphasis to their magnetic properties.
Hydrophobicity of Ionizable Compounds. A Theoretical Study and Measurements of Diuretic Octanol−Water Partition Coefficients by Countercurrent Chroma…
1999
Countercurrent chromatography was used to determine the octanol−water partition coefficients (Po/w) of 23 diuretic drugs. The measured Po/w values ranged over 4 orders of magnitude from 0.05 to 550 (−1.3 < log Po/w < +2.7). All the compounds, except spironolactone, were ionizable. The Po/w values were strongly depending on the aqueous-phase pH. A theoretical model linking these values with the pH was derived for four cases: (i) molecular acid−anionic base, (ii) cationic acid−molecular base, (iii) biprotic systems with two acidic or basic groups showing the same charge sign, and (iv) biprotic systems with ionizable groups showing different charges with special attention to the amino acid ca…
Influence of the presence of surfactants and humic acid in waters on the indophenol-type reaction method for ammonium determination.
2005
Abstract This work has evaluated the influence of humic acid and/or surfactants in the quantification of ammonium in waters with the indophenol-type reaction method. Thymol has been employed with the colorimetric method for sample ammonium concentrations between 0.25 and 1 mg L −1 . In addition, SPE/diffuse reflectance method has been used for quantification of ammonium at low concentrations (between 0.025 and 0.25 mg L −1 ). Matrix effect owing to humic substances were observed with the colorimetric method when the concentration was equal or higher than 25 mg L −1 . Lower concentrations of humic compounds produced matrix effects with the more sensitive SPE/diffuse reflectance method. Gener…
Determination of cationic surfactants by capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography with deoxycholate micelles in the …
2000
Mixtures of the cationic surfactants benzalkonium chloride (BKC) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) were quickly resolved and reproducibly and reliably determined by using background electrolytes (BGEs) containing 80 mM borate, pH 8.5, bile salts and large concentrations of an organic solvent. When the bile salt is present, the separation mechanism changes from capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) to a mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC)-CZE, with predominant MEKC interactions, which lead to an excellent resolution of all the solutes, including the C12-C18 homologues of BKC and CPC. A BGE containing 50 mM sodium deoxycholate and 30% ethanol for an extreme resolution, or 20% …
Direct Visualization of Pyrrole Reactivity upon Confinement within a Cyclodextrin Metal–Organic Framework
2019
Metal–organic frameworks can be used as porous templates to exert control over polymerization reactions. Shown here are the possibilities offered by these crystalline, porous nanoreactors to capture highly-reactive intermediates for a better understanding of the mechanism of polymerization reactions. By using a cyclodextrin framework the polymerization of pyrrole is restricted, capturing the formation of terpyrrole cationic intermediates. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction is used to provide definite information on the supramolecular interactions that induce the formation and stabilization of a conductive array of cationic complexes.
A neutral 2D oxalate-based soluble magnet assembled by hydrogen bonding interactions
2008
Abstract Herein we describe the synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of a novel oxalate-based layered magnetic system: {[Mn(OH2)2(S)2][Mn(S)(OH2)]2[Cr(ox)3]2(18-crown-6)}∞ (S = CH3OH; ox = C 2 O 4 2 - ; 18-crown-6 = C12H24O6) (1). In this case, no cationic templating agent is required to promote the assembling of low-dimensional oxalate-bridged metallic complexes in solution. Instead, strong enough hydrogen bonding interactions are responsible for their packing in the solid state. This magnet is soluble and presents two different types of oxalate bridges: the common bis(bidentate) and the unusual bidentate–monodentate. This structural feature has drastic consequences on the magnetis…
DFT study of the interaction free energy of p–p complexes of fullerenes with buckybowls and viologen dimers
2011
We present a theoretical investigation, by means of DFT protocols, of the complexation thermodynamics of (i) complexes of C70 and C60 fullerenes with bowl-shaped hexabenzocoronene derivatives and (ii) complexes of C60 with viologen dimers. The recent functionals of the M06 family, accounting for p-p interactions to a good level of approximation, have been used to calculate the interaction free energies. For the former complexes, the good agreement between the calculated results and the experimental data confirms the reliability of the protocol used. On these grounds, we then checked the stability of a series of complexes of C60 with some viologen dimers, 1BPnBP1 (n = 6-9), where two N-methy…
Expression, regulation and function of carrier proteins for cationic amino acids.
2001
Different carrier proteins exhibiting distinct transport properties participate in cationic amino acid transport. There are sodium-independent systems, such as b+, y+, y+L and b0,+, and a sodium-dependent system B0,+, most of which have now been identified at the molecular level. In most non-epithelial cells, members of the cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) family mediating system y+ activity seem to be the major entry pathway for cationic amino acids. CAT proteins underlie complex regulation at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and activity levels. Recent evidence indicates that individual CAT isoforms are necessary for providing the substrate for nitric oxide synthesis, for ex…
Cationic Amino Acid Transporters (CATs)
2002
When the transport properties of mCAT-1 were described in 1991, the y+ carrier and major transporter for cationic amino acids seemed to be discovered. Today, we know that there are at least three different CAT isoforms that mediate y+ activity and the family might be growing. In addition, transport systems for cationic amino acids other than y + have been described and proteins that induce the respective transport activities have been identified. Consequently, the transport of cationic amino acids appears to be a complex process involving many proteins— carriers and possibly also regulatory proteins—whose expression is cell-specific and dependent on a variety of external stimuli. The multit…
2D Bimetallic Oxalate‐Based Ferromagnets with Inserted [Fe(4‐Br‐sal 2 ‐trien)] + and [Fe(3‐R‐sal 2 ‐trien)] + (R = Br, Cl and CH 3 O) Fe III Spin‐Cro…
2012
The syntheses, structures and magnetic properties of the compounds of formula [FeIII(4-Br-sal2-trien)][MnIICrIII(ox)3]0.67Cl0.33·CH3OH_solvate (1), [FeIII(3-Br-sal2-trien)][MnIICrIII(ox)3]·(CH3CN)2 (2), [FeIII(3-Cl-sal2-trien)][MnIICrIII(ox)3]·(CH3OH)2·(CH3CN)2 (3) and [FeIII(3-CH3O-sal2-trien)][MnIICrIII(ox)3]·(CH3OH)·(H2O)1.5·(CH2Cl2)0.5 (4) are reported. The four structures present a 2D honeycomb anionic layer formed by MnII and CrIII ions linked through oxalate ligands and a cationic layer of the FeIII complexes intercalated between the 2D oxalate network. The main differences compared with previous 2D oxalate-based structures are the presence of double layers of cations in compounds 1,…