Search results for "causality"
showing 10 items of 258 documents
Two routes to actorhood: Lexicalized potency to act and identification of the actor role
2015
The inference of causality is a crucial cognitive ability and language processing is no exception: recent research suggests that, across different languages, the human language comprehension system attempts to identify the primary causer of the state of affairs described (the “actor”) quickly and unambiguously (Bornkessel-Schlesewsky and Schlesewsky, 2009). This identification can take place verb-independently based on certain prominence cues (e.g., case, word order, animacy). Here, we present two experiments demonstrating that actor potential is also encoded at the level of individual nouns (a king is a better actor than a beggar). Experiment 1 collected ratings for 180 German nouns on 12 …
Analiza zmian cen w łańcuchach dostaw żywności na przykładzie rynku mięsa wołowego w Polsce
2016
Łańcuch dostaw żywności łączy działania, których podstawowym celem jest zapewnienie zadowolenia nabywcom oraz zysku przedsiębiorstwom uczestniczącym w przepływie produktów i usług ze sfery pierwotnej produkcji rolnej (rolnika) aż do konsumenta. Łańcuch dostaw żywności charakteryzuje się dużą różnorodnością podmiotów wchodzących w jego skład. Obejmuje on producentów, dostawców, firmy transportowe, magazyny, sprzedawców hurtowych i detalicznych, organizacje usługowe oraz konsumentów. Zmiany zachodzące na rynku żywności mają zazwyczaj charakter cykliczny. Poziom cen detalicznych na rynku żywności oraz zależności między ich poziomem w poszczególnych ogniwach łańcucha dostaw charakteryzują się r…
Zależności cenowe w łańcuchach dostaw żywności na przykładzie cen mięsa
2015
Łańcuch dostaw żywności łączy działania, których podstawowym celem jest zapewnienie zadowolenia nabywców oraz zysku przedsiębiorstwom uczestniczącym w przepływie produktów i usług ze sfery pierwotnej produkcji rolnej (rolnika) aż do konsumenta. Łańcuch dostaw żywności charakteryzuje się dużą różnorodnością podmiotów wchodzących w jego skład. Obejmuje on producentów, dostawców, firmy transportowe, magazyny, sprzedawców hurtowych i detalicznych, organizacje usługowe oraz konsumentów. Zmiany zachodzące na rynku żywności mają zazwyczaj charakter cykliczny. Poziom cen detalicznych na rynku żywności oraz zależności pomiędzy ich poziomem w poszczególnych ogniwach łańcucha dostaw charakteryzują się…
The reliability of spanish and german electricity forward prices. Databases and price discovery process
2021
Given the existence of different databases from different sources that offer information on forward electricity prices, the need to compare them arises to guarantee that research results and trading decisions based on them are not sensitive to the database used. We worked with forward electricity prices traded over the counter, closest month to maturity, covering the period from 2010 to 2016 for the Spanish over the counter (OTC) market, and from 2008 to 2016 for the German OTC market. The goal of this paper was to test whether there were significant discrepancies between the price series provided by two of the main agencies of financial information (Thomson Reuters and Bloomberg), as well …
Positive and Negative Media Effects on University Students’ Learning: Preliminary Findings and a Research Program
2019
Research in communication science highlights positive as well as negative effects of news and social media on learning but focuses predominantly on the largely unintended knowledge acquisition of the overall population. Research in educational science deals with students’ knowledge acquisition but is largely limited to formal learning such as in university courses. In this paper, we report findings of a pilot study combining both approaches by dealing with mass and social media effects on university students’ learning. While this study reveals several effects, their influences and causality remain largely unclear. Therefore, we propose a research program to explain positive and negative med…
A portable multisensor system to assess cardiorespiratory interactions through photoplethysmography
2022
Nowadays, the ever-growing interest to health and quality of life of individuals and the advancements in electronic devices technology are pushing the development of portable and wearable biomedical devices able to pursue a minimally invasive monitoring of physiological parameters in daily-life conditions. Such devices can now carry out a real-time assessment of the subjects’ overall health status and possibly even detect ongoing diseases. In this context, we have designed and implemented a multisensor portable system able to perform synchronous real-time acquisitions of electrocardiographic (ECG), photoplethysmographic (PPG) and airflow breathing signals. We investigated cardiorespiratory …
Causality-based Social Media Analysis for Normal Users Credibility Assessment in a Political Crisis
2019
Information trustworthiness assessment on political social media discussions is crucial to maintain the order of society, especially during emergent situations. The polarity nature of political topics and the echo chamber effect by social media platforms allow for a deceptive and a dividing environment. During a political crisis, a vast amount of information is being propagated on social media, that leads up to a high level of polarization and deception by the beneficial parties. The traditional approaches to tackling misinformation on social media usually lack a comprehensive problem definition due to its complication. This paper proposes a probabilistic graphical model as a theoretical vi…
Evolutionary game theory of continuous traits from a causal perspective
2023
Modern evolutionary game theory typically deals with the evolution of continuous, quantitative traits under weak selection, allowing the incorporation of rich biological detail and complicated nonlinear interactions. While these models are commonly used to find candidates for evolutionary endpoints and to approximate evolutionary trajectories, a less appreciated property is their potential to expose and clarify the causal structure of evolutionary processes. The mathematical step of differentiation breaks a nonlinear model into additive components which are more intuitive to interpret, and when combined with a proper causal hypothesis, partial derivatives in such models have a causal meanin…
SOME POINTS OF VIEW REGARDING THE DEFINITIONS OF THE CONCEPTS OF EXPLANATION, UNDERSTANDING AND CAUSALITY IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
2015
Not every description of our subjective representations of the reality necessarily generates knowledge about the truths of the moment. Our paper presents the conditions a description of the representations of the social reality should meet to be regarded as scientific from a logical perspective.
The Positive Spiral Between Problem-Solving Management and Trust: A Study in Organizations for Individuals With Intellectual Disability
2021
To achieve their goals, organizations for individuals with intellectual disability have to stimulate high-quality relationships between professionals and family members. Therefore, achieving professionals’ trust in family members has become a challenge. One relevant factor in explaining professional’s trust in families is the degree to which family members use the “problem-solving” conflict management strategy (high concern for oneself but also for the other party) in their disputes–disagreements with professionals. It is reasonable to argue that when family members use problem-solving conflict management, professionals’ trust increases. Professionals’ trust, in turn, stimulates the use of …