Search results for "causality"
showing 10 items of 258 documents
Pairwise and higher-order measures of brain-heart interactions in children with temporal lobe epilepsy
2022
Abstract Objective. While it is well-known that epilepsy has a clear impact on the activity of both the central nervous system (CNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS), its role on the complex interplay between CNS and ANS has not been fully elucidated yet. In this work, pairwise and higher-order predictability measures based on the concepts of Granger Causality (GC) and partial information decomposition (PID) were applied on time series of electroencephalographic (EEG) brain wave amplitude and heart rate variability (HRV) in order to investigate directed brain-heart interactions associated with the occurrence of focal epilepsy. Approach. HRV and the envelopes of δ and α EEG activity re…
Compensated transfer entropy as a tool for reliably estimating information transfer in physiological time series
2013
We present a framework for the estimation of transfer entropy (TE) under the conditions typical of physiological system analysis, featuring short multivariate time series and the presence of instantaneous causality (IC). The framework is based on recognizing that TE can be interpreted as the difference between two conditional entropy (CE) terms, and builds on an efficient CE estimator that compensates for the bias occurring for high dimensional conditioning vectors and follows a sequential embedding procedure whereby the conditioning vectors are formed progressively according to a criterion for CE minimization. The issue of IC is faced accounting for zero-lag interactions according to two a…
Double index recursive models
1994
The purpose of this document is to study the model belongs to the family of structural equation models with data varying both accross individuals (sectors) and in time. A complete theoretical analysis is developed in this work for the case of a recursive structure. Maximum likelihood estimation and Zellner's "seemingly unrelated equations" estimators (iterated or not) are presented and their asymptotic properties are carefully derived.The application of the estimation methods to the economy morocco produced statistically significant and economic meaningful results. Through a test of exogeneity, the recursivity of the system is confirmed. Policy recommendations are discussed and analyzed.
Toddlers’ understanding of basic emotions: identification, labeling and causality / La comprensión temprana de las emociones básicas: identificación,…
2014
AbstractThe aim of this paper is to explore the early acquisition pattern of the understanding of basic emotions. Many studies indicate that three-year-old children identify emotions such as joy or sadness, but it is not known how this knowledge arises. Fifty-seven boys and girls between 21 and 32 months were assessed using the Brunet-Lezine-R developmental scale (BL-R) (Josse, 1997) and the Affective knowledge Test (AKT) (Denham, 1986). Through this test we evaluated the children’s knowledge of four basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger and fear) in three of its components (identification, causality and linguistic labeling). In order to track knowledge acquisition longitudinally, a sma…
Aristotle’s Doctrine of Causes and the Manipulative Theory of Causality
2018
I will argue for the similarity between some aspects of Aristotle’s doctrine of causes and a particular kind of interventionist theory of causality. The interventionist account hypothesizes that there is a connection between causation and human intervention: the idea of a causal relation between two events is generated by the reflection of human beings on their own operating. This view is remindful of the Aristotelian concept of αἴτιον (cause), which is linked to the figure of the αἴτιος, the person who is responsible of an action. Aristotle conceives of the efficient cause as the active element which, in the φύσις, gives rise to movement and imposes the form, in analogy with the active ele…
Comparison of frequency domain measures based on spectral decomposition for spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity assessment after Acute Myocardial Infa…
2021
Abstract The objective of this study is to present a new method to assess in the frequency domain the directed interactions between the spontaneous variability of systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and heart period (HP) from their linear model representation, and to apply it for studying the baroreflex control of arterial pressure in healthy physiological states and after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The method is based on pole decomposition of the model transfer function and on the following evaluation of causal measures of coupling and gain from the poles associated to low frequency (0.04−0.15 Hz) oscillatory components. It is compared with traditional non-causal approaches for the sp…
A Multi-Variate Predictability Framework to Assess Invasive Cardiac Activity and Interactions during Atrial Fibrillation
2017
Objective: This study introduces a predictability framework based on the concept of Granger causality (GC), in order to analyze the activity and interactions between different intracardiac sites during atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: GC-based interactions were studied using a three-electrode analysis scheme with multi-variate autoregressive models of the involved preprocessed intracardiac signals. The method was evaluated in different scenarios covering simulations of complex atrial activity as well as endocardial signals acquired from patients. Results: The results illustrate the ability of the method to determine atrial rhythm complexity and to track and map propagation during AF. Conc…
Medication errors and risk areas in a critical care unit
2020
The aim of this study was to identify the main medication errors, their causality and the highest risk areas in critical care.A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study.We performed a systematic analysis of the prescription, transcription and administration records of 2,634 dose units of medications that were administered to a total of 87 critically ill patients during 2018.Final results have shown important medication errors and a high number of significant drug interactions; prescription phase had the highest mistake rate (71%) and cause of errors (68%); transcription stage had a more variable error typology. A significant correlation was observed between the presence of causes a…
Recomendaciones preventivas cardiovasculares. Actualización PAPPS 2020
2020
The recommendations of the semFYC's Program for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (PAPPS) for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are presented. The following sections are included: Epidemiological review, where the current morbidity and mortality of CVD in Spain and its evolution as well as the main risk factors are described; Cardiovascular (CV) risk tables and recommendations for the calculation of CV risk; Main risk factors such as arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus, describing the method for their diagnosis, therapeutic objectives and recommendations for lifestyle measures and pharmacological treatment; Indications for antiplatelet therapy, a…