Search results for "cb"
showing 10 items of 647 documents
Assessment of the abuse potential of MDMA in the conditioned place preference paradigm: Role of CB1 receptors
2013
Numerous reports have highlighted the role of the endocannabinoid system in the addictive potential of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine). A previous report showed that CB1 knockout (KOCB1) mice do not acquire MDMA self-administration, despite developing conditioned place preference (CPP). This contradiction could be due to the particular procedure of place conditioning used. The present work compares MDMA-induced CPP in KOCB1 mice using unbiased and biased procedures of place conditioning. In the unbiased procedure, MDMA induced CPP and reinstatement of the extinguished preference in wild type (WT) mice, but not in KOCB1 mice. In contrast, in a biased protocol of CPP, MDMA produced …
Peripheral and central CB1 cannabinoid receptors control stress-induced impairment of memory consolidation
2016
Stressful events can generate emotional memories linked to the traumatic incident, but they also can impair the formation of nonemotional memories. Although the impact of stress on emotional memories is well studied, much less is known about the influence of the emotional state on the formation of nonemotional memories. We used the novel object-recognition task as a model of nonemotional memory in mice to investigate the underlying mechanism of the deleterious effect of stress on memory consolidation. Systemic, hippocampal, and peripheral blockade of cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors abolished the stress-induced memory impairment. Genetic deletion and rescue of CB1 receptors in specific ce…
Birth Weight and Prenatal Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE): A Meta-analysis within 12 European…
2011
Abstract: Objectives: Exposure to high concentrations of persistent organochlorines may cause fetal toxicity, but the evidence at low exposure levels is limited. Large studies with substantial exposure contrasts and appropriate exposure assessment are warranted. Within the framework of the EU (European Union) ENRIECO (ENvironmental Health RIsks in European Birth Cohorts) and EU OBELIX (OBesogenic Endocrine disrupting chemicals: LInking prenatal eXposure to the development of obesity later in life) projects, we examined the hypothesis that the combination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) adversely affects birth weight. Methods: We used maternal a…
A novel mutation of gene CBFA1/RUNX2 in cleidocranial dysplasia.
2007
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia characterised by abnormal clavicles, patent sutures and fontanelles, supernumerary teeth, short stature, and a variety of other skeletal changes. The disease gene is CBFA1/RUNX2, which is mapped to chromosome 6p21. Inactivation of the CBFA1/RUNX2 gene by mutations is involved in the skeletal defects that occur in patients with CCD. CBFA1/RUNX2 controls the differentiation of precursor cells into osteoblasts and is essential for membranous as well as endochondral bone formation. In this study of a 14-yr-old boy with typical CCD phenotype, the authors found a novel CBFA1/RUNX2 gene mutation. All of the amplified segment…
Hydrops, fetal pleural effusions and chylothorax in three patients with CBL mutations.
2014
Fetal hydrops, fetal pleural effusions, hydrothorax, and chylothorax, may be associated with various genetic disorders, in particular with the Noonan, cardio-facio-cutaneous and Costello syndromes. These syndromes, collectively called RASopathies, are caused by mutations in the RAS/MAPK pathway, which is known to play a major role in lymphangiogenesis. Recently, germline mutations in the Casitas B-cell lymphoma (CBL) gene were reported in 25 patients and of these, 20 had juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). The disorder was named "CBL syndrome" or "Noonan syndrome-like disorder with or without juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia" (NSLL). To date, prenatal abnormalities have not been report…
FM19G11, a New Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF) Modulator, Affects Stem Cell Differentiation Status
2009
The biology of the alpha subunits of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF alpha) has expanded from their role in angiogenesis to their current position in the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. The results reported in this article show the discovery of FM19G11, a novel chemical entity that inhibits HIF alpha proteins that repress target genes of the two alpha subunits, in various tumor cell lines as well as in adult and embryonic stem cell models from rodents and humans, respectively. FM19G11 inhibits at nanomolar range the transcriptional and protein expression of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Tgf-alpha undifferentiating factors, in adult rat and human embryonic stem cells, FM19G11 activit…
Comparative pharmacological activity of optical isomers of phenibut
2007
Phenibut (3-phenyl-4-aminobutyric acid) is a GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-mimetic psychotropic drug which is clinically used in its racemic form. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of racemic phenibut and its optical isomers in pharmacological tests and GABAB receptor binding studies. In pharmacological tests of locomotor activity, antidepressant and pain effects, S-phenibut was inactive in doses up to 500 mg/kg. In contrast, R-phenibut turned out to be two times more potent than racemic phenibut in most of the tests. In the forced swimming test, at a dose of 100 mg/kg only R-phenibut significantly decreased immobility time. Both R-phenibut and racemic phenibut showed…
Loss of striatal type 1 cannabinoid receptors is a key pathogenic factor in Huntington's disease.
2010
Endocannabinoids act as neuromodulatory and neuroprotective cues by engaging type 1 cannabinoid receptors. These receptors are highly abundant in the basal ganglia and play a pivotal role in the control of motor behaviour. An early downregulation of type 1 cannabinoid receptors has been documented in the basal ganglia of patients with Huntington's disease and animal models. However, the pathophysiological impact of this loss of receptors in Huntington's disease is as yet unknown. Here, we generated a double-mutant mouse model that expresses human mutant huntingtin exon 1 in a type 1 cannabinoid receptor-null background, and found that receptor deletion aggravates the symptoms, neuropatholog…
The effect of cyclosporin A, FK506 and rapamycin on the murine contact sensitivity reaction
1998
We have evaluated the effects of three potent immunosuppressive agents, cyclosporin A (CsA), FK506 and rapamycin, on the murine contact sensitivity (CS) reaction to the hapten trinitrochlorobenzene. Development of CS reaction requires participation of three distinct T cell subsets: alphabeta+, CD4+ T lymphocytes, which are the classical effector cell of the CS reaction, gammadelta+ T lymphocytes, and alphabeta+, double-negative (CD4- CD8-) T lymphocytes that express the B220 molecule and produce IL-4. We found that all three drugs inhibit the development of the CS reaction, but they affect different target cells. In fact, rapamycin and FK-506 block both alphabeta+, CD4+ and gammadelta+ T ly…
Chronic bronchitis without airflow obstruction, asthma and rhinitis are differently associated with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases
2019
Background and objectives Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases can frequently coexist. Understanding their link may improve disease management. We aimed at assessing the associations of chronic bronchitis (CB), asthma and rhinitis with cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in the general population. Methods We used data collected in the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases study, an Italian multicentre, multicase-control study. Among 2463 participants (age 21–86, female 50%) who underwent standardized interviews, skin prick and lung function tests, we identified 254 cases of CB without airflow obstruction, 418 cases of asthma without CB, 959 cases of rhinitis alone, a…