Search results for "cerebral"

Stereotactic Radiotherapy plus Radiosurgical Boost in the Treatment of Large Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

1993

Small sized AVMs respond well to stereotactic radiosurgery, while larger AVMs do poorly with stereotactic radiosurgery or stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy. A combination of both methods is proposed for the treatment of these larger lesions.

Clinical and ultrastructural observations of maturing human frontal cortex. Part I (Biopsy material of hydrocephalic infants).

1988

Three of 30 human cerebral cortex biopsies from infants treated for hydrocephalus by shunt operation are described. The descriptions include an account of their case history, the clinical methods, and the operational procedures. The biopsy specimens were studied in semithin and ultrathin sections. Attention is drawn to normal synapse formation but also to neuronal degenerative changes due to hydrocephalus.

The gait is less stable in children with cerebral palsy in normal and dual-task gait

2020

Treatment and Prophylaxis

1991

Following a stroke, the patient’s neurologic deficit may be most impressive, but his treatment and prognosis depend largely upon accompanying systemic disorders. Acute treatment, for instance, must take into consideration such things as cardiovascular disorders (myocardial infarction, valve defects, arrhythmias, hypertension), disorders of renal function, and diabetes mellitus. The early detection and treatment of such systemic problems can help to prevent complications that would be difficult to control later. Thus, in a patient with latent heart disease hypervolemic therapy with low molecular weight dextran may in fact elicit right heart failure and pulmonary edema instead of helping the …

Ipsilesional and contralesional regions participate in the improvement of poststroke aphasia: a transcranial direct current stimulation study

2015

In the past few years, noninvasive cerebral stimulations have been used to modulate language task performance in healthy and aphasic patients. In this study, a dual transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on anterior and posterior language areas was applied for 2 weeks to a patient with a possible crossed aphasia following a right hemisphere stroke. Inhibitory cathodal stimulation of the right Brodmann areas (BA) 44/45 and simultaneous anodal stimulation of the left BA 44/45 improved the patient’s performance in picture naming. Conversely, the same bilateral montage on BA 39/40 did not produce any significant improvement; finally, electrode polarity inversion over BA 39/40 yielded a fu…

Penicillin induced epileptiform activity and EEG spectrum analysis of BDNF heterozygous mice: an in vivo electrophysiological study.

2011

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) heterozygous mice (BDNF (+/-)) kindle slowly and have a higher seizure threshold. However, BDNF (+/-) mice exhibit reduced cortical inhibition and disrupted balance of excitation/inhibition synaptic transmission. We investigated penicillin-induced focal cortical epileptiform activity and electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral power of BDNF (+/-) mice, by using electrocorticogram (ECoG) recordings. BDNF (+/-) mice (n=10) and wild type littermates (n=9) were anesthetized with i.p. urethane (1.750g/kg). The recordings of ECoG were carried out by using a data acquisition system and 100IU penicillin was administered intracortically to induce epileptiform act…

Detrimental noise effects on brain's speech functions.

2009

Background noise has become part of our everyday life in modern societies. Its presence affects both the ability to concentrate and communicate. Some individuals, like children, the elderly, and non-native speakers have pronounced problems in noisy environments. Here we review evidence suggesting that background noise has both transient and Sustained detrimental effects on central speech processing. Studies on the effects of noise on neural processes have demonstrated hemispheric reorganization in speech processing in adult individuals during background noise. During noise, the well-known left hemisphere dominance in speech discrimination became right hemisphere preponderant. Furthermore, l…

Social deprivation and 1‐year survival after stroke: a prospective cohort study

2020

BACKGROUND Social deprivation may have a deleterious influence on post-stroke outcomes, but available data in the literature are mixed. AIM The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the impact of social deprivation on 1-year survival in patients with first-ever stroke. METHODS Social deprivation was assessed at individual level with the EPICES score, a validated multidimensional questionnaire, in 1312 patients with ischemic stroke and 228 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, who were prospectively enrolled in six French study centers. Baseline characteristics including stroke severity and pre-stroke functional status were collected. Multivariable Cox models were generated …

Transient expression of synaptogyrin in the ganglionic eminence of the human fetal brain

2000

Summary The ganglionic eminence (GE) representing a conspicuous bulb-like elevation of the telencephalic proliferative zone has recently been shown to be involved in the establishment of cortical connections. This study demonstrates the presence of synaptogyrin-immunoreactivity in a large number of cell bodies of the human GE between 12 and 20 weeks of gestation. From the 20 th week onwards synaptogyrin expression sharply declines. No immunoreactive structures are detectable in the 23 rd week or later. As the GE persists nearly throughout the entire fetal period these results show that its neurochemical features change distinctly in the course of development. The synaptogyrin-immunoreactive…

A nonlinear biomechanical model for evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid shunt systems.

1994

In view of complications arising from physical properties of cerebrospinal fluid shunts, a biomechanical model of hydrocephalus was set up to study in vivo parameters that may influence their function. These include: intracranial pressure, compliance and pulses, intrathoracic, intra-abdominal, and subcutaneous pressures, and the effects of siphonage and repeated valve flushing. Each of these factors was studied separately upon shunt implantation in the model. Results of testing of a sample low-pressure valve with antisiphon device conformed with consumer information in regard to valve opening pressure and pressure flow measurements. No customer information, however, was supplied concerning …