Search results for "cerebral"

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Cortical Blood Flow in the Penumbra of Venous Infarcts

2001

A cortical venous infarction model has been evaluated regarding the temporal and spatial evolution of regional flow reduction. Two cortical veins were occluded photochemically with rose bengal and fiberoptic illumination. Seven rats served to demonstrate effects on regional cortical blood flow using laser Doppler scanning. After two-vein occlusion, there was a widespread reduction of flow that gradually deteriorated after vein occlusion when regional cortical flow in a 3.5 x 7.0 mm window: after 15 min it had decreased to 57.8% ± 8.0%, and after 75 min it was 34.3% ± 5.4%. Infarct volumes as determined in 10 rats 5 days after two-vein occlusion had an average size of 3.6 ± 0.7 mm3. The data…

Modelling of the Ischemic Penumbra

1999

What happens to the ischemic penumbra – defined as a territory of critically reduced blood flow in the close neighborhood of an ischemic core – determines outcome after stroke. Currently the pathophysiology of the penumbra is studied predominantly in rat models with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Here we propose two other rat models with distinct advantages. One produces a large territory of critical flow reduction in the cortex of one hemisphere without presence of an infarct core: this model is suited to study mediator mechanisms that may transform the penumbra into necrotic tissue. It is produced by occluding one carotid artery and in addition reducing arterial pressure to 50mm…

Outcome of multilevel surgery experienced by adolescent patients with cerebral palsy and their parents

2009

Endovascular thrombectomy with the AngioJet System for the treatment of intermediate-risk acute pulmonary embolism: a case report of two patients

2016

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the leading causes of death and ranks third, after myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke, among fatal hospital-related cardiovascular events [1–3]. Mortality associated with PE can be lowered by early treatments aimed at restoring patency of occluded pulmonary arteries (PAs). Although systemic thrombolysis remains the recommended management of PE [4], recent advances in endovascular techniques, especially of rheolytic thrombectomy, suggest that the endovascular approach can represent an alternative therapeutic strategy [5–9]. Here we describe endovascular treatment of two patients with acute PE. We used the AngioJet (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA,…

Physiotherapeutic management of a patient after craniocerebral trauma in the intensive care unit – case report

2020

Introduction Craniocerebral injuries are one of the most common causes of mortality and disability in Poland. The treatment of patients who are in an intensive care unit is based primarily on stabilizing the patient’s general condition as well as basic duties according to the patient’s functioning. Aim The aim of this study is to demonstrate the importance of early rehabilitation and the role of physiotherapy in recovery after craniocerebral trauma. Case study The subject was an 18-year-old patient who suffered craniocerebral trauma as a result of a road accident. After losing consciousness, he was in the intensive care unit, where he was placed on a medical ventilator. A properly selected …

Clinical Syndromes, Pathogenesis, and Differential Diagnosis

1991

The temporal sequence of signs and symptoms in patients with cerebral ischemia provides important information for the analysis of underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and in the search for a major hemodynamic or embolic cause. The signs reported and symptoms assessed are useful for localization of the ischemic region of the brain and identification of the affected vascular territories. Even in the case of a typical clinical picture the clinical findings alone are often insufficient for unequivocal anatomic and pathologic identification, however important they may be in the choice of diagnostic and therapeutic measures. In the first few hours after cerebral ischemia, determining the progno…

Cerebral Autoregulation in Non-Brain Injured Patients: A Systematic Review.

2021

Introduction: Cerebral autoregulation (CA) plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of adequate cerebral blood flow (CBF). CA monitoring, through direct and indirect techniques, may guide an appropriate therapeutic approach aimed at improving CBF and reducing neurological complications; so far, the role of CA has been investigated mainly in brain-injured patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of CA in non-brain injured patients.Methods: A systematic consultation of literature was carried out. Search terms included: “CA and sepsis,” “CA and surgery,” and “CA and non-brain injury.”Results: Our research individualized 294 studies and after screening, 22 studies were anal…

Lateralization Effects on Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients With Unilateral Pulsatile Tinnitus Measured With Arterial Spin Labeling

2020

Purpose: To investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) differences in patients with left- and right-sided pulsatile tinnitus (LPT and RPT) and healthy controls (HCs) to further explore the lateralization effects of PT using arterial spin labeling (ASL). Methods: ASL data from 21 RPT patients, 17 LPT patients and 21 HCs were reviewed. Voxel-wise analysis and region of interest analysis were performed to explore differences in CBF among the three groups. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score and tinnitus duration were obtained from each patient. Results: Voxel-wise analysis showed that the CBF of the left inferior parietal gyrus was increased in both RPT and LPT patients compared with HCs (P < 0…

Implementation of computed tomography angiography (CTA) and computed tomography perfusion (CTP) in Polish guidelines for determination of cerebral ci…

2021

Background: Brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) guidelines are routinely analyzed, compared and updated in the majority of countries and are later implemented as national criteria. At the same time, extensive works have been conducted in order to unify clinical procedures and to validate and implement new technologies into a panel of ancillary tests. Recently evaluated computed tomography angiography and computed tomography perfusion (CTA/CTP) seem to be superior to traditionally used digital subtraction angiography (DSA), transcranial Doppler (TCD) and cerebral perfusion scintigraphy for diagnosis of cerebral circulatory arrest (CCA). In this narrative review, we would like t…

Heart Rate Variability in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy—A Systematic Literature Review

2020

Cardiac autonomic dysfunction has been reported in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study was to assess the existing literature on heart rate variability (HRV) in pediatric patients with CP and a special attention was paid to the compliance of the studies with the current HRV assessment and interpretation guidelines. A systematic review was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases searched for English language publications from 1996 to 2019 using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms “heart rate variability” and “cerebral palsy” in conjunction with additional inclusion criteria: studies limited to …