Search results for "characteristics"
showing 10 items of 909 documents
Sex-specific differences in the presentation, clinical course, and quality of life of patients with acute venous thromboembolism according to baselin…
2021
Abstract Introduction Sex and the presence of specific provoking risk factors, along with age, influence the presentation and prognosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We investigated the presentation, course and quality of life in women and men with acute VTE classified according to their VTE provoking factors. Methods PREFER in VTE is an international, non-interventional registry of patients with a first episode of acute symptomatic VTE. Baseline provoking factors were classified as follows: major transient, minor transient, active cancer, and none identifiable. The primary outcome was recurrent VTE. Quality of life and treatment satisfaction were secondary outcomes. Results Of 3,455 pat…
Detecting spatio-temporal mortality clusters of European countries by sex and age.
2018
[EN] Background: Mortality decreased in European Union (EU) countries during the last century. Despite these similar trends, there are still considerable differences in the levels of mortality between Eastern and Western European countries. Sub-group analysis of mortality in Europe for different age and sex groups is common, however to our knowledge a spatio-temporal methodology as in this study has not been applied to detect significant spatial dependence and interaction with time. Thus, the objective of this paper is to quantify the dynamics of mortality in Europe and detect significant clusters of mortality between European countries, applying spatio-temporal methodology. In addition, th…
Epizootic cutaneous papillomatosis, cortisol and male ornamentation during and after breeding in the roach Rutilus rutilus.
2004
The prevalence of epidermal papillomatosis in roach is known to peak during the spawning period and to be higher in males than in females. The high occurrence of papillomatosis in polluted waters suggests that stress may contribute to the outbreak of the disease. However, little is known about breeding-induced stress in fish and its relationship with diseases. In this study, plasma cortisol concentration, hematocrit and the relative size of the spleen were determined in healthy and diseased male and female roach Rutilus rutilus during and shortly after spawning in a wild population. In addition, the sexual ornamentation (breeding tubercles on the lateral sides and on the frontal) of male ro…
Functional, Biochemical, and Morphological Hepatobiliary Effects in Rats Chronically Exposed to a Steroidal Antiandrogen
1996
Abstract Yellow–brown deposits in intrahepatic bile ducts and portal macrophages were observed for male, but not female, Sprague–Dawley rats fed zanoterone, a steroidal antiandrogen, for ≥3 months. The lesion did not affect biliary canaliculi and was associated with changes of biliary epithelium, portal chronic inflammation, and bile duct proliferation. Deposit formation was assumed to be related to a gender-related anomaly in bile composition and/or flow. Therefore, the pathogenesis of the lesion was investigated in male, female, and orchiectomized rats. Hepatobiliary structure and function were evaluated after 3 months of treatment and 3 months of reversibility. Drug biliary disposition w…
Sex Differences in the Velocity of Muscle Contraction of the Hamstring and Quadriceps Among Recreationally Active Young Adults
2019
Martin-San Agustin, R, Medina-Mirapeix, F, Alakhdar, Y, and Benitez-Martinez, JC. Sex differences in the velocity of muscle contraction of the hamstring and quadriceps among recreationally active young adults. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1252-1257, 2019-This study determines sex differences in the velocity of contraction (VC) of 5 isolated muscles (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis) and in the relationships between them. Thirty-six female and 34 male recreationally active young adults participated in the study. The VC was measured by tensiomyography using normalized response velocity (Vrn) to perform comparisons. Sex comparisons were adjust…
Serum Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and Incident Depression in the Elderly: The Pro.V.A. Study
2015
Objective: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) appears to have a protective effect against depression, but contrasting findings are available. Therefore, we investigated whether high serum DHEAS levels were associated with any protective effect on incident depression and incident severe depression in a representative group of elderly men and women. Methods: In a population-based cohort longitudinal study in the general community, 789 older participants without depression and cognitive impairment at the baseline were included, among 3,099 screened subjects. Serum DHEAS levels were determined based on blood samples; incident depression and severe depression were diagnosed by means of the G…
Sex differences in nucleus accumbens transcriptome profiles associated with susceptibility versus resilience to subchronic variable stress
2015
Depression and anxiety disorders are more prevalent in females, but the majority of research in animal models, the first step in finding new treatments, has focused predominantly on males. Here we report that exposure to subchronic variable stress (SCVS) induces depression-associated behaviors in female mice, whereas males are resilient as they do not develop these behavioral abnormalities. In concert with these different behavioral responses, transcriptional analysis of nucleus accumbens (NAc), a major brain reward region, by use of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed markedly different patterns of stress regulation of gene expression between the sexes. Among the genes displaying sex differe…
Mitochondrial damage in aging and apoptosis.
2002
: Mitochondria are essential to cellular aging, and free radical production by mitochondria is increased with aging. The rate of oxidant production by mitochondria correlates inversely with maximal life span of species. In many species, females live longer than males. We report that mitochondrial oxidant production by females is significantly lower than that of males. However, mitochondria from ovariectomized females have a similar oxidant production as those of males. Thus, gender difference in life span can be explained, at least in part, by different oxidant generation by mitochondria. Administration of antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, or a Ginkgo biloba extract, protects against …
Mitochondrial oxidant generation is involved in determining why females live longer than males
2006
Females live longer than males in many mammalian species, including humans. This natural phenomenon can be explained on the basis of the mitochondrial theory of aging. Mitochondria are a major source of free radicals in cells. Mitochondria from female rats generate half the amount of hydrogen peroxide than those of males and have higher levels of mitochondrial reduced glutathione. The latter is due to females behaving as double transgenic in over-expressing antioxidant enzymes. Estrogens bind to the estrogen receptors and subsequently activate the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) signalling pathways, resulting in an upregulation of antioxidant enz…
Radiation dose from multidetector CT studies in children: results from the first Italian nationwide survey
2014
Background Multidetector CT (MDCT) scanners have con- tributed to the widespread use of CT in paediatric imaging. However, concerns are raised for the associated radiation exposure. Very few surveys on radiation exposure from MDCT studies in children are available. Objective The aim of this study was to outline the status of radiation exposure in children from MDCT practice in Italy. Materials and methods In this retrospective multicentre study we asked Italian radiology units with an MDCT scanner with at least 16 slices to provide dosimetric and acquisition param- eters of CT examinations in three age groups (1–5, 6–10, 11– 15 years) for studies of head, chest and abdomen. The dosi- metric…