Search results for "choline"
showing 10 items of 1138 documents
Aged Mice Devoid of the M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Develop Mild Dry Eye Disease
2021
The parasympathetic nervous system is critically involved in the regulation of tear secretion by activating muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Hence, various animal models targeting parasympathetic signaling have been developed to induce dry eye disease (DED). However, the muscarinic receptor subtype (M1–M5) mediating tear secretion remains to be determined. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the M3 receptor subtype regulates tear secretion and to evaluate the ocular surface phenotype of mice with targeted disruption of the M3 receptor (M3R−/−). The experimental techniques included quantification of tear production, fluorescein staining of the ocular surface, environmenta…
Non-neuronal cholinergic system contributes to corticosteroid resistance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
2016
Background: Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) with long-acting beta-2 agonists is a well-documented combination therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on its additive anti-inflammatory properties. By contrast, the recommendation of ICS in combination with long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) is not evidence-based. In this study, neutrophils obtained from COPD patients were used to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of aclidinium bromide (a long-acting muscarinic antagonist) with corticosteroids and their potential additive effect. Methods: Human sputum and blood neutrophils were isolated from healthy individuals ( n = 37), patients with stable COPD ( n = 52) and th…
Association of Common Polymorphisms in the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha4 Subunit Gene with an Electrophysiological Endophenotype in a Large…
2016
PLoS one 11(4), e0152984 (2016). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152984
Lipidomic profiling identifies signatures of metabolic risk
2020
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), the clustering of metabolic risk factors, is associated with cardiovascular disease risk. We sought to determine if dysregulation of the lipidome may contribute to metabolic risk factors. Methods: We measured 154 circulating lipid species in 658 participants from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and tested for associations with obesity, dysglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Independent external validation was sought in three independent cohorts. Follow-up data from the FHS were used to test for lipid metabolites associated with longitudinal changes in metabolic risk factors. Results: Thirty-nine lipids were…
Using NMR in saliva to identify possible biomarkers of glioblastoma and chronic periodontitis
2018
Nowadays there is increasing interest in identifying-and using-metabolites that can be employed as biomarkers for diagnosing, treating and monitoring diseases. Saliva and NMR have been widely used for this purpose as they are fast and inexpensive methods. This case-control study aimed to find biomarkers that could be related to glioblastoma (GBL) and periodontal disease (PD) and studied a possible association between GBL and periodontal status. The participants numbered 130, of whom 10 were diagnosed with GBL and were assigned to the cases group, while the remaining 120 did not present any pathology and were assigned to the control group. On one hand, significantly increased (p < 0.05) meta…
The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin improves the primary diabetic complications in ZDF rats
2017
Hyperglycemia associated with inflammation and oxidative stress is a major cause of vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Recent data reports that a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), empagliflozin (Jardiance®), ameliorates glucotoxicity via excretion of excess glucose in urine (glucosuria) and significantly improves cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The overarching hypothesis is that hyperglycemia and glucotoxicity are upstream of all other complications seen in diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of empagliflozin on glucotoxicity, β-cell function, inflammation, oxidative stress and endothel…
Plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide and related metabolites are associated with type 2 diabetes risk in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) tr…
2018
Background The role of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is currently partially understood and controversial. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate associations between TMAO and related metabolites with T2D risk in subjects at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Design This is a case-cohort design study within the Prevencion con Dieta Mediterranea (PREDIMED) study, with 251 incident T2D cases and a random sample of 694 participants (641 noncases and 53 overlapping cases) without T2D at baseline (median follow-up: 3.8 y). We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to measure plasma TMAO, l-carnitine, betaine, lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) and l…
Retinal arteriole reactivity in mice lacking the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene
2018
Dysfunctional vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has been proposed to play a main pathophysiological role in various ocular diseases. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the chronic lack of eNOS impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation in retinal arterioles. The relevance of eNOS for mediating vascular responses was studied in retinal vascular preparations from eNOS-deficient mice (eNOS-/-) and wild-type controls in vitro. Changes in luminal diameter in response to vasoactive agents were measured by videomicroscopy. The thromboxane mimetic, U46619, induced similar concentration-dependent constriction of retinal arterioles in eNOS-/- and wild-type mi…
Pancreatic polypeptide stimulates mouse gastric motor activity through peripheral neural mechanisms
2016
Background Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is supposed to be one of the major endogenous agonists of the neuropeptide Y4 receptor. Pancreatic polypeptide can influence gastrointestinal motility, acting mainly through vagal mechanisms, but whether PP acts directly on the stomach has not been explored yet. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of PP on mouse gastric emptying, on spontaneous tone of whole stomach in vitro and to examine the mechanism of action. Methods Gastric emptying was measured by red phenol method after i.p. PP administration (1–3 nmol per mouse). Responses induced by PP (1–300 mmol L−1) on gastric endoluminal pressure were analyzed in vitro in the presence o…
Vasoactive properties of antihypertensive lactoferrin-derived peptides in resistance vessels: Effects in small mesenteric arteries from SHR rats
2017
Aims: Bovine lactoferrin (LF) hydrolysates and peptides identified thereof have shown antihypertensive effects in rat models, mainly but not exclusively by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. In this study we aimed to assess the vasoactive effects and mechanisms of an ultrafiltered (< 3 kDa) pepsin LF hydrolysate (LFH) and a heptapeptide identified in a LF hydrolysate produced by yeast proteolysis (DPYKLRP) in peripheral resistance arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Main methods: We used a myograph system for isometric tension recording in isolated small mesenteric arteries from SHRs. Direct vasoactive effects of LFH (30–100 μg/mL) and DPYKLRP (30–100 μM) were asses…