Search results for "choline"
showing 10 items of 1138 documents
Nerves projecting from the intrinsic cardiac ganglia of the pulmonary veins modulate sinoatrial node pacemaker function
2013
Rationale: Autonomic nerves from sinoatrial node (SAN) ganglia are known to regulate SAN function. However, it is unclear whether remote pulmonary vein ganglia (PVG) also modulate SAN pacemaker rhythm. Objective: To investigate whether in the mouse heart PVG modulate SAN function. Methods and Results: In hearts from 45 C57BL and 7 Connexin40+/GFP mice, we used tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH) and choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunofluorescence labeling to characterize adrenergic and cholinergic elements, repectively, within the PVG and SAN. PVG project postganglionic nerves to the SAN. TH and ChAT stained nerves, enter the SAN as an extensive, dense mesh-like neural network. Neurons in PVG are…
Nicotine enhances antisaccade performance in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls
2013
Abstract Nicotine has been proposed to be a cognitive enhancer, particularly in schizophrenia patients. So far, the published studies of nicotine effects on antisaccade performance in schizophrenia patients only tested participants who were deprived smokers. Thus, we aimed to test both smoking and non-smoking patients as well as healthy controls in order to extend previous findings. Moreover, we employed a paradigm using standard and delayed trials. We hypothesized that, if nicotine is a genuine cognitive enhancer, its administration would improve antisaccade performance both in smoking and non-smoking participants. A total of 22 patients with schizophrenia (12 smokers and 10 non-smokers) a…
The contribution of acetylcholine and dopamine to subprocesses of visual working memory--what patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Pa…
2014
Attentional selection, i.e. filtering out of irrelevant sensory input and information storage are two crucial components of working memory (WM). It has been proposed that the two processes are mediated by different neurotransmitters, namely acetylcholine for attentional selection and dopamine for memory storage. However, this hypothesis has been challenged by others, who for example linked a lack in dopamine levels in the brain to filtering deficits. Here we tested the above mentioned hypothesis in two patient cohorts which either served as a proxy for a cholinergic or a dopaminergic deficit. The first group comprised 18 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the second 22…
Drug‐refractory myasthenia gravis: Clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcome
2022
[Objective] To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with refractory myasthenia gravis (MG) and to determine the effectiveness and side effects of the drugs used for their treatment.
Impact of tiotropium + olodaterol on physical functioning in COPD: results of an open-label observational study
2016
Rüdiger Sauer,1 Michaela Hänsel,2 Roland Buhl,3 Roman A Rubin,4 Marcel Frey,5 Thomas Glaab2,3 1Lung Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany; 2Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany; 3Pulmonary Department, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany; 4Pulmonary Specialist Practice, Wiesbaden, Germany; 5Biometrics, Alcedis GmbH, Gießen, Germany Background: Maintaining and improving physical functioning is key to mitigating the cycle of deconditioning associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated the impact of free combination of the long-acting anticholinergic tiotropium plus the long-acting β2-agonist ol…
Long-Term Response to Cholinesterase Inhibitor Treatment Is Related to Functional MRI Response in Alzheimer's Disease.
2015
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) enhances cholinergic activity and alleviates clinical symptoms. However, there is variation in the clinical response as well as system level changes revealed by functional MRI (fMRI) studies. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We investigated 18 newly diagnosed mild AD patients with fMRI using a face recognition task after a single oral dose of rivastigmine, a single dose of placebo and 1-month treatment with rivastigmine. The clinical follow-up took place at 6 and 12 months. <b><i>Results:</i></b> MMSE score difference between bas…
Influence of different parameters on drug release from hydrogel systems to a biomembrane model. Evaluation by differential scanning calorimetry techn…
2000
A comparative study on the drug release capacity of four water swellable polymeric systems was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The polymeric systems chosen were alpha,beta-polyaspartahydrazide (PAHy) crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GLU) (PAHy-GLU) or by ethyleneglycoldiglycidylether (EGDGE), (PAHy-EGDGE), polyvinylalcohol (PVA) crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (PVA-GLU) and alpha,beta-poly(N-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA) by gamma irradiation (PHEA-gamma matrices). The degree of crosslinking for PAHy-GLU, PAHy-EGDGE and PVA-GLU samples was about 0.4 and 0.8. These hydrogels were characterized as free of drugs and were loaded with diflunisal (DFN) (approximately 2.5%…
Modification of human platelet adhesion on biomaterial surfaces by protein preadsorption under static and flow conditions.
2004
Biomaterial-induced thrombosis remains one of the main complications of vascular implant devices. Preadsorbed proteins on the biomaterial/blood interface will modify the adhesion and activation of platelets (PTLs) during the initial contact-phase. Our results clearly show that PTL-adherence on biomaterials is influenced not only by protein preadsorption, but also by flow conditions. The covalent coating of TCPS and glass by phosphorylcholine (PC) induces a significant decrease of PTL adhesion but leads to a slight, but nevertheless significant activation of PTL, which was detected by the induction of P-selectin expression using FACS analysis. Methodologically, the visualization of PTL adhes…
Plasmonic Nanosensors for the Label-Free Imaging of Dynamic Protein Patterns.
2020
We introduce a new approach to monitor the dynamics and spatial patterns of biological molecular assemblies. Our molecular imaging method relies on plasmonic gold nanoparticles as point-like detectors and requires no labeling of the molecules. We show spatial resolution of up to 5 μm and 30 ms temporal resolution, which is comparable to wide-field fluorescence microscopy, while requiring only readily available gold nanoparticles and a dark-field optical microscope. We demonstrate the method on MinDE proteins attaching to and detaching from lipid membranes of different composition for 24 h. We foresee our new imaging method as an indispensable tool in advanced molecular biology and biophysic…
An ultrasonic-assisted process for copper recovery in a des solvent: Leaching and re-deposition
2017
Abstract The continuous growth of the electronic equipment market has led to an increased amount of scraping that it becomes necessary to recover. A hydrometallurgical method for copper and precious metal recovery from e-waste must consist of a number of steps: leaching, ion separation and subsequent electrochemical re-deposition of the target metal. Although this task is achievable in aqueous solutions, it requires strong acid or cyanide solutions. The aim of the study is to develop a new environmentally benign process by using a Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES), a form of cheap and safe ionic liquid, as an electrolyte for both leaching and electrodeposition. The experiments were conducted in a…