Search results for "choline"

Feeding the brain: the importance of nutrients for brain functions and health

2017

‘We are what we eat’, said the philosopher Feuerbach. In fact, the quality of the food we eat affects our mind as well: the brain, which represents 2% of our body weight, consumes about 20% of the calories we eat each day. Follow a few rules could therefore help to feed properly our brain, so it works to the best of its ability. It is important to know properties of foods especially regarding their aminoacidic composition because aminoacids are components of neurotransmitters, molecules needed for brain transmission and function. It is also possible to choose specific food to prevent or support different diseases that affects nervous system.

Hsp60 and AChR cross-reactivity in myasthenia gravis: An update.

2010

Functional Aspects of Adrenocholinergic and Peptidergic Innervation about Prostate and Seminal Vesicles in Mammals: A Review

2009

This study was aimed to explain the functional role of mediation in the organs of the male reproductive system (prostate and seminal vesicles of rat and hamster), representing throught the visualization of adrenergic fibres (Falck Method), cholinergic fobres (Martinez-Rodriguez method) and by immunohistochemical methods to detect the P substance and the CGRP (PAP) in glandular structures. The adrenocholinergic and peptidergic mediators have a growing interest for their synergic action in the control of contractility, vasodilatation and most likely, of the secretory activity of the epithelium, probably expressed by andocrine-paracrine mechanisms.

Association of Anticholinergic Burden with Cognitive and Functional Status in a Cohort of Hospitalized Elderly: Comparison of the Anticholinergic Cog…

2013

Abstract Background Drugs with anticholinergic effects are associated with adverse events such as delirium and falls as well as cognitive decline and loss of independence. Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between anticholinergic burden and both cognitive and functional status, according to the hypothesis that the cumulative anticholinergic burden, as measured by the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) Scale and Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS), increases the risk of cognitive decline and impairs activities of daily living. Methods This cross-sectional, prospective study (3-month telephone follow-up) was conducted in 66 Italian internal medicine and geriatric…

Effect of several electrolytes on the rheopectic behaviour of concentrated soy lecithin dispersions

2005

Abstract Concentrated dispersions of soy lecithin (60 g/L) prepared by sonication-freezing–unfreezing method show a non-newtonian behaviour and a significant rheopexy. Shear stress versus shear rate plots shows a loop hysteresis area, which have been studied in soy lecithin dispersions prepared with aqueous solutions of various electrolytes (NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 and AlCl3) with concentrations in the range 10−5 to 10−2 mol/L. Also we have studied the effect of different pH on soy lecithin dispersions. The results have revealed a very sensitive influence of nature, valence and concentration of the respective cations and the pH value on the loop hysteresis area values. It seems to indicate that …

Silyl modification of biologically active compounds. 13. Synthesis, cytotoxicity and antibacterial action ofN-methyl-N-(2-triorganylsiloxyethyl)-1,2,…

2012

A series of N-methyl-N-(2-triorganylsiloxyethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro(iso)quinolinium iodides has been synthesized via dehydrocondensation reaction of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and 4,4-dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-sila-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with trialkyl(aryl)hydrosilanes and subsequent alkylation, and characterized by 1H, 13C and 29Si NMR and mass spectroscopy. The biological activity data exhibited a marked enhancement of inhibitory activity against tumour cell lines and almost all the test bacterial/fungal strains in comparison with their 2-hydroxyethyl precursors. Cytotoxicity in the microgram range against …

4-Aminopyridine (4AP) Enhances Acetylcholine Output from the Rat Cerebral Cortex in vivo

1982

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a study to analyze the effect of 4-aminopyridine (4AP) administration on cortical acetylcholine (ACh) output. The study was done on adult male Wistar rats under urethane or pentobarbital anesthesia. A small Perspex cylinder filled with eserinized Ringer solution was applied on the exposed cerebral cortex. The solution in the collecting cylinder was removed every 10 min and its ACh content was determined by bioassay on the dorsal muscle of the leech. In urethane anaesthetized rats, the control ACh output was 0.98 ± 0.16 ng/min/cm2 and the administration of 4AP (3 mg/kg i.p.) was followed by a rapid increase in ACh output lasting at least 40 min. The i…

“Smoke, Choline-Acetyl-Transferase, Muscarinic Receptors and fibroblast proliferation in COPD

2009

Acetylcholine (ACh), synthesized by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and muscarinic M1, M2, and M3 receptors (MRs) are involved in fibroblast proliferation. We evaluated ChAT, MRs, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and nuclear factor (NF) κB activation in lung fibroblasts from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), control smokers, and controls. Human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cigarette smoke extracts (CSEs) were evaluated for ChAT and MR expression. We tested the effects of ACh on fibroblast proliferation and its ability to bind fibroblasts from patients with COPD, control s…

Expression of functional α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor during mammalian muscle development and denervation

1999

We have studied, on the transcriptional, protein and functional level, the expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the course of rat muscle development, denervation and renervation. At foetal day 13, alpha7 nAChR expression was observed in somites and developing muscles of the back, but not yet in migrating myoblasts. Two days later, concomitant with myoblast aggregation, the alpha7 isoform began to be expressed in isolated myoblasts, with the highest level of expression in the frontal zone of the migrating wave. On foetal day 18, a time when the myoblasts in the upper hindleg have fused, alpha7 nAChR expression was most prominent in the outer layer of muscle tissu…

Phosphatidylcholine-Gramicidin a Interaction Study in Non-Aqueous Solvent with a new HPLC-SEC Column

1985

Abstract A new HPLC-SEC column, Ultrastyragel 500 A, has been assayed in order to check the separation between gramicidin A and phosphatidylcholine in tetrahydrofuran. The good resolution of both compounds has allowed the quantitation of lipid-polypeptide interaction in terms of the binding ratio parameter, BR. A BR value of 3.6 moles of phosphatidylcholine per mole of gramicidin A has been obtained for a 0.1 % (w/v) phosphatidylcholine solution as eluent. The suitability of this support for studies on lipid-polypeptide interactions in non-aqueous solvents is demonstrated.