Search results for "classification"
showing 10 items of 29475 documents
Soil legacy determines arbuscular mycorrhizal spore bank and plant performance in the low Arctic
2020
AbstractHuman impact is rapidly changing vegetation globally. The effect of plant cover that no longer exists in a site may still affect the development of future vegetation. We focused on a little studied factor—arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus spore bank—and its effect on three test plant species. In a low Arctic field site, plots were maintained for 6 years, devoid of any vegetation or with a Solidago virgaurea monoculture cover. We analysed the AM fungal morphospecies composition and identified 21 morphospecies in the field plots. The AM morphospecies community was dominated by members of Acaulosporaceae. Monoculturing under low Arctic field conditions changed the soil AM spore commun…
Responses of a native plant species from invaded and uninvaded areas to allelopathic effects of an invader
2019
Invaders exert new selection pressures on the resident species, for example, through competition for resources or by using novel weapons. It has been shown that novel weapons aid invasion but it is unclear whether native species co‐occurring with in‐ vaders have adapted to tolerate these novel weapons. Those resident species which are able to adapt to new selective agents can co‐occur with an invader while others face a risk of local extinction. We ran a factorial common garden experiment to study whether a native plant species, Anthriscus sylvestris, has been able to evolve a greater tolerance to the allelochemicals exerted by the invader, Lupinus polyphyllus. Lupinus polyphyllus produces …
Shelf life extension of mozzarella cheese contaminated with Penicillium spp. using the antifungal compound ɛ-polylysine.
2019
Molds are one of the most important spoilage organisms on cheese which can lead to economic loss as well as raising public health concerns due to the production of mycotoxins. This study investigates the use of ɛ-polylysine as natural antimicrobial to inhibit fungal growth. The minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal fungicidal concentrations of ɛ-polylysine were determined against Penicillium roqueforti, Penicillium nordicum, and Penicillium solitum. Then, polylysine was tested as surface antimicrobial for the preservation of mozzarella slice cheese inoculated with these Penicillium spp. and stored in plastic trays during 25 days. The minimal inhibitory concentrations calculated for…
Potential use of machine learning methods in assessment of Fusarium culmorum and Fusariumproliferatum growth and mycotoxin production in treatments w…
2021
Abstract The use of Fusarium-controlling fungicides is necessary to limit crop loss. Little is known about the effect of commercial antifungal formulations at sub-lethal doses, and their interaction with abiotic factors, on Fusarium culmorum and F. proliferatum development and on zearalenone and fumonisin biosynthesis, respectively. In the present study different treatments based on sulfur, trifloxystrobin and demethylation inhibitor fungicides (cyproconazole, tebuconazole and prothioconazole) under different environmental conditions, in Maize Extract Medium (MEM), are assayed in vitro. Then, several machine learning methods (neural networks, random forest and extreme gradient boosted trees…
Immunity and other defenses in pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum
2010
Background Recent genomic analyses of arthropod defense mechanisms suggest conservation of key elements underlying responses to pathogens, parasites and stresses. At the center of pathogen-induced immune responses are signaling pathways triggered by the recognition of fungal, bacterial and viral signatures. These pathways result in the production of response molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides and lysozymes, which degrade or destroy invaders. Using the recently sequenced genome of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), we conducted the first extensive annotation of the immune and stress gene repertoire of a hemipterous insect, which is phylogenetically distantly related to previously ch…
The Influence of Film and Storage on the Phenolic and Antioxidant Properties of Red Raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) cv. Erika
2019
In this paper, the effect of the packaging material and storage method on red raspberries produced at Reggio Calabria (Italy) was studied. For this purpose, the fruits were stored immediately after harvest in different conditions: in the fridge at 1 °
Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the dehydrogenase and quinone-reductase activity of irradiated Lactobacillus plantarum cells
2020
Abstract The resistance of lactobacilli to oxidative stress is of great importance for their applicability as probiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the response of Lactobacillus plantarum strain ATCC® 14917™, grown in either de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar (MRS medium) or tryptic soy broth (TSB medium), to 1–2 mM H2O2 after the exposure to different doses of ionising radiation. Two bacterial extracellular enzyme groups, dehydrogenases (DHAs) and quinone reductases (QRs), served as the criteria of viability and antioxidant activity, respectively. The irradiated L. plantarum culture grown in TSB showed increased QR activity at irradiation doses of 2–50 Gy, with the maximum activity at 10 G…
The entangled multi-level responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) to environmental stressors as detected by an integrated approach.
2021
Abstract Anthropogenic pressure adds up and interacts with the effects of climate change with a varying magnitude and potential changes depend on species’ Life History (LH) traits, local environmental conditions and co-occurrence of several stressors. Stressors exert negative effects on marine biota when acting as a single factor, but the effects may be amplified when more than one stressor work in combination, producing interacting effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The impairment of individual functional traits (FT) leads to strong rebounds on LH traits and this may have ecological consequences. No studies actually relate FT and antioxidant enzymes to multiple environmenta…
Isolation and determination of phenolic compounds from freshwater Cladophora glomerata
2020
Abstract Marine algae biomass has gained widespread interest in the world of science and many industries. The growing number of publications proves that these algae are an interesting and essential natural resource. This interest is due to the presence of a variety of biologically active compounds that give algae extracts a broad spectrum of biological and functional properties. However, there is little data on the chemical composition of algae obtained from freshwater. This work focuses on the isolation and determination of phenolic compounds from freshwater algae of the species Cladophora glomerata. Different types of extraction and extractants were used to isolate these bioactive compoun…
Fermented sweet lemon juice (Citrus limetta) using Lactobacillus plantarum LS5: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities
2017
Sweet lemon juice was fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum LS5 to produce a probiotic juice. The cell counts of the L. plantarum LS5 increased from 7.0 ± 0.1 to 8.63 ± 0.38 log CFU/mL during fermentation (37 °C for 48 h) (p < 0.05) and decreased from 8.63 ± 0.38 to 7.14 ± 0.21 log CFU/mL after storage (4 °C for 28 d). Antibacterial activity against S. Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 was observed in fermented sweet lemon juice. Immediately after fermentation, pH, lactic acid and antioxidant capacity of the samples increased, while glucose and fructose, total acidity, citric acid and phenolic decreased. During storage, phenolics, and antioxidant decreased in both fermented and non-fermented…