Search results for "cognitive neuroscience"

Editorial: Neuromodulatory ascending systems: Their influence at the microscopic and macroscopic levels

2022

Brain activity and behavior are constantly changing (Puig et al., 2014; Disney, 2021). Recent studies in both animal models and humans have revealed that such variations are not random in nature but controlled through slow-acting neuromodulatory systems...

Neurocalcin-immunoreactive cells in the rat hippocampus are GABAergic interneurons

1998

Neurocalcin (NC) is a recently described calcium-binding protein isolated and characterized from bovine brain. NC belongs to the neural calcium-sensor proteins defined by the photoreceptor cell-specific protein recoverin that have been proposed to be involved in the regulation of calcium-dependent phosphorylation in signal transduction pathways. We analyzed the distribution and morphology of the NC-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the rat dorsal hippocampus and the coexistence of NC with GABA and different neurochemical markers which label perisomatic inhibitory cells [parvalbumin (PV) and cholecystokinin (CCK)], mid-proximal dendritic inhibitory cells [calbindin D28k (CB)], distal dendritic …

Relationship between prefrontal cognitive functions and dopaminergic transmission: A [18F]-fluoro-l-DOPA PET study

2006

Supervised reference region extraction for the quantification of [11C]-(R)-PK11195 brain studies

2006

A comparative analysis of striatal and extrastriatal D2/D3 binding of five pharmacologically different “atypical” antipsychotics

2006

Pain Phenotypes in Rare Musculoskeletal and Neuromuscular Diseases

2020

For patients diagnosed with a rare musculoskeletal or neuromuscular disease, pain may transition from acute to chronic; the latter yielding additional challenges for both patients and care providers. We assessed the present understanding of pain across a set of ten rare, noninfectious, noncancerous disorders; Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Achondroplasia, Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva, Fibrous Dysplasia/McCune-Albright Syndrome, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Infantile- and Late-Onset Pompe disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Through the integration of natural history, cross-sectional, retrospective…

A model for long-term potentiation and depression

1995

A computational model of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in the hippocampus is presented. The model assumes the existence of retrograde signals, is in good agreement with several experimental data on LTP, LTD, and their pharmacological manipulations, and shows how a simple kinetic scheme can capture the essential characteristics of the processes involved in LTP and LTD. We propose that LTP and LTD could be two different but conceptually similar processes, induced by the same class of retrograde signals, and maintained by two distinct mechanisms. An interpretation of a number of experiments in terms of the molecular processes involved in LTP and LTD induction and …

Changes in NMDA-receptor function in the first week following laser-induced lesions in rat visual cortex.

2011

Focal brain injuries are accompanied by processes of functional reorganization that partially compensate the functional loss. In a previous study, extracellular recordings at the border of a laser-induced lesion in the visual cortex of rats showed an enhanced synaptic plasticity, which was mediated by the activity of NR2B-contaning NMDA-receptors (NMDARs) shedding light on the potential cellular mechanisms underlying this reorganization. Given the potentially important contribution of NMDARs in processes of functional reorganization, in the present study, we used the same lesion model to further investigate lesion-induced changes in function and localization of NMDARs in the vicinity of the…

Hippocampal theta activity is selectively associated with contingency detection but not discrimination in rabbit discrimination-reversal eyeblink con…

2009

The relative power of the hippocampal theta-band ( approximately 6 Hz) activity (theta ratio) is thought to reflect a distinct neural state and has been shown to affect learning rate in classical eyeblink conditioning in rabbits. We sought to determine if the theta ratio is mostly related to the detection of the contingency between the stimuli used in conditioning or also to the learning of more complex inhibitory associations when a highly demanding delay discrimination-reversal eyeblink conditioning paradigm is used. A high hippocampal theta ratio was not only associated with a fast increase in conditioned responding in general but also correlated with slow emergence of discriminative res…

Psychophysically Tuned Divisive Normalization Approximately Factorizes the PDF of Natural Images

2010

The conventional approach in computational neuroscience in favor of the efficient coding hypothesis goes from image statistics to perception. It has been argued that the behavior of the early stages of biological visual processing (e.g., spatial frequency analyzers and their nonlinearities) may be obtained from image samples and the efficient coding hypothesis using no psychophysical or physiological information. In this work we address the same issue in the opposite direction: from perception to image statistics. We show that psychophysically fitted image representation in V1 has appealing statistical properties, for example, approximate PDF factorization and substantial mutual informatio…