Search results for "comparison"
showing 10 items of 701 documents
Adaptive Modifications of Hypotheses After an Interim Analysis
2001
It is investigated how one can modify hypotheses in a trial after an interim analysis such that the type I error rate is controlled. If only a global statement is desired, a solution was given by Bauer (1989). For a general multiple testing problem, Kieser, Bauer and Lehmacher (1999) and Bauer and Kieser (1999) gave solutions, by means of which the initial set of hypotheses can be reduced after the interim analysis. The same techniques can be applied to obtain more flexible strategies, as changing weights of hypotheses, changing an a priori order, or even including new hypotheses. It is emphasized that the application of these methods requires very careful planning of a trial as well as a c…
Test and power considerations for multiple endpoint analyses using sequentially rejective graphical procedures
2009
A variety of powerful test procedures are available for the analysis of clinical trials addressing multiple objectives, such as comparing several treatments with a control, assessing the benefit of a new drug for more than one endpoint, etc. However, some of these procedures have reached a level of complexity that makes it difficult to communicate the underlying test strategies to clinical teams. Graphical approaches have been proposed instead that facilitate the derivation and communication of Bonferroni-based closed test procedures. In this paper we give a coherent description of the methodology and illustrate it with a real clinical trial example. We further discuss suitable power measur…
L'Analogie chez Aristote
2021
Revue de philosophie dont l’objet est de montrer, d’interroger ou d’évaluer les comparaisons effectives dans les différents champs disciplinaires, Analogia est une publication scientifique annuelle de l’IPC.Chaque numéro réunit un conseil scientifique nouveau chargé de sélectionner les contributions en double aveugle.L’Analogie chez Aristote.Sous la direction d’Emmanuel Brochier.Conseil scientifique :- Katerina Ierodiakonou (Genève – Athènes)- André Laks (Paris)- Benjamin C. Morison (Princeton)- Jean-Luc Solère (Boston)Sommaire :- Présentation, par Emmanuel Brochier, p. 5 ;- Christof Rapp : "Spotting similarities between disparate items" Observations on the use of analogy in Aristotle’s met…
Nonlinear Nonhomogeneous Elliptic Problems
2019
We consider nonlinear elliptic equations driven by a nonhomogeneous differential operator plus an indefinite potential. The boundary condition is either Dirichlet or Robin (including as a special case the Neumann problem). First we present the corresponding regularity theory (up to the boundary). Then we develop the nonlinear maximum principle and present some important nonlinear strong comparison principles. Subsequently we see how these results together with variational methods, truncation and perturbation techniques, and Morse theory (critical groups) can be used to analyze different classes of elliptic equations. Special attention is given to (p, 2)-equations (these are equations driven…
Measuring diversity. A review and an empirical analysis
2021
Abstract Maximum diversity problems arise in many practical settings from facility location to social networks, and constitute an important class of NP-hard problems in combinatorial optimization. There has been a growing interest in these problems in recent years, and different mathematical programming models have been proposed to capture the notion of diversity. They basically consist of selecting a subset of elements of a given set in such a way that a measure based on their pairwise distances is maximized to achieve dispersion or representativeness. In this paper, we perform an exhaustive comparison of four mathematical models to achieve diversity over the public domain library MDPLIB, …
A Dominance Variant Under the Multi-Unidimensional Pairwise-Preference Framework: Model Formulation and Markov Chain Monte Carlo Estimation.
2018
Forced-choice questionnaires have been proposed as a way to control some response biases associated with traditional questionnaire formats (e.g., Likert-type scales). Whereas classical scoring methods have issues of ipsativity, item response theory (IRT) methods have been claimed to accurately account for the latent trait structure of these instruments. In this article, the authors propose the multi-unidimensional pairwise preference two-parameter logistic (MUPP-2PL) model, a variant within Stark, Chernyshenko, and Drasgow’s MUPP framework for items that are assumed to fit a dominance model. They also introduce a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedure for estimating the model’s paramete…
Multiple Hypotheses Testing
1993
The paper is mainly concerned with multiple testing procedures which control a given multiple level α. General concepts for this purpose are the closure test and a modification which is independent of the special structure of hypotheses and tests. We consider improvements of this modification using information about the logical dependences (redundancies) within the system of hypotheses and present an efficient algorithm. Finally, we discuss some problems which are specific for hierarchical systems of hypotheses, e.g. in model search.
Translators vs translatresses’ strategies: ethical and ideological challenges
2011
In the last few years there has been an increasing interest in the issue of gender in translation practice especially thanks to the work of feminist critics and translators who see the act of translating as an activity which involves making use not of speciously neutral, so-called objective strategies, but rather dynamic procedures and tactics which negotiate and are negotiable, open and contingent, and which never assume feminine subjectivity to be an absolute and stable category. Drawing on such premises, this work will focus on the interrelation between identity, textuality and translation in an attempt to explore the idea that gender representation in translation practice may be shaped …
Guidelines to compare additive and subtractive manufacturing approaches under the energy demand perspective
2020
In order to characterise the environmental performance of additive manufacturing (AM) processes, comparative analyses are required. Different manufacturing approaches (such as additive and subtractive ones), besides adopting different equipment, use different kinds and amounts of material. Therefore, the material-related flow has to be followed throughout the entire product life. Differences in environmental impact arise at each step of the life cycle: material production, manufacturing, use, disposal, and transportation. A life cycle-based methodology able to take due account of all the factors of influence on the total energy demand for the production of metal components is given in this …
Student Progress in Higher Education: What We Have Learned from Large-Scale Studies
2011
en ligne sur http://www.benthamscience.com/open/toeduj/articles/V004/1TOEDUJ.pdf; International audience; This review examines student progress in higher education based on 28 articles examining 25 large-scale samples of first-year entrants in higher education programs in nine countries. These articles were obtained from a search of published and publicly available research on student departure. Although the results of the studies reviewed are heterogeneous, generalized trends emerge from the synthesis of this body of research on dropout behavior, completion, and time-to-degree. The vast majority of the empirical works reviewed indicate that personal characteristics, family background, prio…