Search results for "competition."
showing 10 items of 1367 documents
Diferències entre sexes en la resposta cardiovascular, hormonal i psicològica a una competició: Variables moduladores i facilitadors de la victòria
2018
Competition is a social interaction where there is a confrontation between individuals or groups to achieve an objective. In our society competition is present transversally, with consequences for individuals. Therefore, competition is considered a social stressor able to elicit important psychobiological responses. From an evolutionary perspective, it has been suggested that, against stress situations, men would be more likely to fight-and-flight, while women would be more likely to tend-and-befriend strategies. Consequently, different psychobiological response to competition can be described depending on sex. A large proportion of studies on competition were based on the biosocial status …
Early Modern Theories
2013
The notion of consciousness was used by early modern philosophers in various ways. In dualist ontologies, the nature of thought was often characterised with the help of consciousness: while matter was understood as extended in space, thought was taken to be that which is accompanied by consciousness. Whether the mind always thinks and whether mental activity in its entirety is conscious were among the questions which addressed the relation between thought and consciousness. The possibility of unconscious thought was generally overlooked. For example, Locke rejected the Cartesian tenet that we always think by appealing to particular phenomena which suggest that we do not always think, such a…
Take-off analysis of the Olympic ski jumping competition (HS-106m).
2007
Abstract The take-off phase (approximately 6 m) of the jumps of all athletes participating in the individual HS-106 m hill ski jumping competition at the Torino Olympics was filmed with two high-speed cameras. The high altitude of the Pragelato ski jumping venue (1600 m) and slight tail wind in the final jumping round were expected to affect the results of this competition. The most significant correlation with the length of the jump was found in the in-run velocity ( r =0.628, p n =50). This was a surprise in Olympic level ski jumping, and suggests that good jumpers simply had smaller friction between their skis and the in-run tracks and/or the aerodynamic quality of their in-run position …
A reconsideration of the link between vertical externality and managerial incentives
2018
Previous research revealed that the strategic role of delegation contracts disappears if two quantity†setting firms outsource input production to a monopolistic supplier. I show that this role is restored if the assumption of a downstream duopoly is relaxed. Thus, delegation contracts allow downstream profit†maximizing owners to commit their firms to a behavior that differs from their preferences. This behavior varies nonmonotonically with the number of firms in the downstream market. Corresponding deviations from profit maximization are larger if the upstream monopolist makes a price precommitment. But little to no deviation occurs if the number of firms is large.
Upstream Product Market Regulations, ICT, R&D and Productivity
2013
Our study aims at assessing the actual importance of the two main channels usually contemplated in the literature through which upstream sector anticompetitive regulations may impact productivity growth: business investments in R&D and in ICT. We thus precisely try to estimate what are the specific impacts of these two channels and their shares in total impact as against alternative channels of investments in other forms of intangible capital such as improvements in skills, management and organization. For this, we specify an extended production function relating productivity explicitly to R&D and ICT capital as well as to upstream regulations, and two factor demand functions relating R&D a…
Product Line Choice in Retail Duopoly
2011
This paper develops a successive duopoly model to identify conditions under which differentiated retailers that compete in quantities, when deciding on the range of brands to offer, will carry overlapping product lines. They will do so when retail margins on each brand are not too asymmetric. Otherwise, the less profitable brand is foreclosed from the market. It is shown that welfare increases if the upstream industry is perfectly competitive, even though fewer brands may be sold. With price competition though, exclusive dealing arises when retailers are not too differentiated and in-store competition is sufficiently intense.
The effect of cooperative infrastructure fees on high-speed rail and airline competition
2021
Abstract This paper explores the effects of cooperation between rail and air infrastructures in setting per-passenger fees prior to competition among airlines and high-speed rail (HSR) in a transport network. It is shown that, for a sufficiently low degree of substitution, cooperation results in lower fees and greater HSR traffic than under competition. Besides, it leads to more connecting passengers. An empirical application allows for a quantitative assessment of cooperation. Gains to passengers and operators are sizeable when cooperation either involves all infrastructure managers or the rail and the hub airport managers. Welfare gains are in the range of 10.4–11.1%. Our contribution off…
The internationalization of musical life at the end of the nineteenth century in modernized Paris and Rome
2013
ABSTRACT:This article examines the relationship between the processes of urban renovation in European capitals and the internationalization of musical theatre productions, using the example of theatres constructed in Paris and Rome at the end of the nineteenth century. Due to the limited availability of governmental and municipal funding, the more popular theatres in both capitals came to provide an important space for musical productions on an avant-garde level, with international repertoires and casts.
Agglomeration without trade: how non-traded goods shape the space-economy
2004
Abstract We develop a spatial general equilibrium model in which the absence of interregional trade is an endogenous outcome. Extending the model developed by Ottaviano, Tabuchi, and Thisse (Int. Econ. Rev. 43 (2002) 409), we show that equilibria without trade differ significantly from those obtained in the presence of trade, which suggests that the presence of non-traded goods has a significant impact on spatial structures. Somewhat surprisingly, equilibrium structures without trade are richer than those with trade because partial agglomeration becomes a feasible outcome. Equilibria now depend on the ratio of mobile to immobile factors and an increase in that ratio triggers a process of sp…
Harmonizing circumpolar monitoring of Arctic fox: benefits, opportunities, challenges and recommendations.
2017
Source at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17518369.2017.1319602 The biodiversity working group of the Arctic Council has developed pan-Arctic biodiversity monitoring plans to improve our ability to detect, understand and report on long-term change in Arctic biodiversity. The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) was identified as a target of future monitoring because of its circumpolar distribution, ecological importance and reliance on Arctic ecosystems. We provide the first exhaustive survey of contemporary Arctic fox monitoring programmes, describing 34 projects located in eight countries. Monitored populations covered equally the four climate zones of the species’ distribution, and there were large dif…