Search results for "competition"
showing 10 items of 1409 documents
European Integration and the Disembedding of Labour Market Regulation: Transnational Labour Relations at theEuropeanCentralBank Construction Site
2013
European integration through mutual recognition has facilitated the growth of a pan-European labour supply system in which transnational subcontractors ‘post’ workers from low-wage areas to higher wage areas. This allows employers to create spaces of exception in which the national industrial relations system of the country where work occurs does not fully apply. Drawing on interviews with managers, workers, unionists and works councillors at the European Central Bank construction site in Frankfurt, Germany, this article shows how transnational subcontracting allows employers to access, and create competition between, sovereign regulatory regimes. It concludes that high-cost, high-collectiv…
Multi-product firms and product variety
2008
The goal of this paper is to study the role of multi-product firms in the market provision of product variety. The analysis is conducted using the spokes model of non-localized competition proposed by Chen and Riordan (2007). Firstly, we show that multi-product firms are at a competitive disadvantage vis-a-vis single-product firms and can only emerge if economies of scope are sufficiently strong. Secondly, under duopoly product variety may be higher or lower with respect to both the first best and the monopolistically competitive equilibrium. However, within a relevant range of parameter values duopolists drastically restrict their product range in order to relax price competition, and as a…
Putting time into space: the temporal coherence of spatial applications in the housing market
2016
International audience; Relationships between past events, future expectations and present decisions, typically examined through a temporal prism within applied economics, have been lately moving to the spatial dimension through spatial econometrics. However, violations of the “arrow of time”, and thus causality, have been identified in spatial econometric techniques applied to spatio-temporal data consisting of observations each at a specific location and distinct moment in time. A comprehensive review classifies for the first time several redresses to this issue in a currently fragmented literature. This paper puts back the temporal dimension into spatial Hedonic Pricing models through a …
Competing R&D Joint Ventures in Cournot oligopoly with spillovers
2014
This paper considers competition between R&D cartels, whereby prospective Cournot competitors coordinate their R&D decisions in order to maximize joint profit. It studies how R&D activity, aggregate profit, consumer surplus, and social welfare vary as the number of competing cartels varies. It also compares equilibrium with second best R&D, and discusses the policy implications of the results. The results show that the effects of R&D cartel competition depend on the welfare criterion adopted and on whether there are cooperative synergies or not.
Quality pricing-to-market
2014
We examine firm's pricing-to-market decisions in vertically differentiated industries featuring a large number of firms that compete monopolistically in the quality space. Firms sell goods of heterogeneous quality to consumers with non-homothetic preferences that differ in their income and thus their marginal willingness to pay for quality increments. We derive closed-form solutions for the pricing game under costly international trade, thus establishing existence and uniqueness. We then examine how the interaction of good quality and market demand for quality affects firms' pricing-to-market decisions. The relative price of high quality goods compared to that of low quality goods is an inc…
Electoral vulnerability and size of local governments: Evidence from voting on municipal mergers
2014
Abstract We analyze how anticipated changes in the electoral vulnerability of municipal councilors affect their voting behavior over municipal mergers. The electoral vulnerability changes due to a merger because it changes the composition of political competitors and the number of available seats in the next election. We use this variation for identification and find that the smaller the increase in the electoral vulnerability of a councilor, the more likely he is to vote for the merger. The documented effect is not driven by the behavioral response of the voters, or by party-line considerations. The councilors' desire to avoid personal electoral competition may lead to sub-optimally small …
Mating system variation inVeronica(Plantaginaceae): inferences from pollen/ovule ratios and other reproductive traits
2012
The pollen–ovule ratio (P/O) is commonly used to estimate the mode of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. In previous studies, a clear correspondence has been detected between this character and the degree of autogamy. We here investigate variation in this character and its expected correlates in the genus Veronica (Plantaginaceae). Pollen–ovule ratios of 45 species representing eleven percent of all the species in the genus were investigated and compared with results from crossing experiments from previous studies. In addition, multiple populations of 17 of the 45 studied species were sampled and a controlled-environment experiment was conducted to evaluate the extent of intraspecific…
ES konkurences tiesību regulējums un pierādīšanas standarts aizliegtu vienošanās lietās, kurās izmantota cenu veidošanas algoritmu programmatūra
2021
Eiropas Komisija ir paudusi uzskatu, ka Eiropas Savienībā tiesību regulējumam ir jābūt vienādam, “likvidējot jebkādu mākslīgu nošķīrumu starp tradicionālo un digitālo tirgu”. Šis maģistra darbs pētī jautājumu, vai Eiropas konkurences tiesības paredz iespēju pierādīt aizliegtas vienošanās, karteļa esamību tad, ja tiek izmantoti viedie cenu algoritmi un nav pierādījumu par tradicionālu komunikāciju starp tirgus dalībniekiem. Analizējot judikatūru par LESD 101 (1) punktu, īpaši pievēršoties lietām, kurās pierādījumi vākti e-vidē, tiek secināts ar kādiem ierobežojumiem būtu jāsastopas izmeklējošajai iestādei, piemēram, EK, mēģinot pierādīt tāda karteļa esamību, kas darbojas uz algoritmu pamata.…
Managing the liberalization of Italy’s retail electricity market: a policy proposal
2017
Italy’s 2015 Annual Competition Law2 provides for phasing out electricity retail prices regulation by July 1st, 2019. Under the current regulatory framework, compliant with the EU regulations,3 all electricity customers are free to choose their preferred supplier. However, residential customer and small and medium enterprises (SMEs)4 retain a right “not to choose”, in which case they are supplied by the local distribution system operator (DSO)5 at a price set by the regulator. This (transitional) scheme, known as “maggior tutela” or “greater protection”, has been in place since July 1st, 2007 . Full liberalization of retail electricity markets is strongly advocated by the EU Commission, as …
El poder financiero de los municipios y su marco constitucional
2017
La Constitución establece un marco para el ejercicio del poder financiero por parte de los distintos entes territoriales. Los Municipios, en aplicación de preceptos de la Carta Manga, dispondrán de autonomía y suficiencia financiera (art. 140 y 152 CE). Asimismo, y en aplicación del principio de competencia, los Entes Locales podrán desarrollar su potestad reglamentaria en las materias que le sean propias. Por todo ello, el presente trabajo tiene por objeto el análisis y valoración de la aplicación y eficacia que despliegan estos principios constitucionales en el ejercicio del poder financiero municipal y sus límites cuando confluyan con otras Administraciones The Constitution establishes a…