Search results for "composition"
showing 10 items of 2675 documents
Resistance Training Induces Antiatherogenic Effects on Metabolomic Pathways
2019
INTRODUCTION Arising evidence suggests that resistance training has the potential to induce beneficial modulation of biomarker profile. To date, however, only immediate responses to resistance training have been investigated using high-throughput metabolomics whereas the effects of chronic resistance training on biomarker profile have not been studied in detail. METHODS A total of 86 recreationally active healthy men without previous systematic resistance training background were allocated into (i) a resistance training (RT) group (n = 68; age, 33 ± 7 yr; body mass index, 28 ± 3 kg·m) and (ii) a non-RT group (n = 18; age, 31 ± 4 yr; body mass index, 27 ± 3 kg·m). Blood samples were collecte…
Ocular surface assessment in soft contact lens wearers; the contribution of tear osmolarity among other tests.
2014
: Purpose: To determine whether tear osmolarity contributes to the assessment of the ocular surface in soft contact lens (CL) wearers. Methods: Prospective, case–control series in 44 CL wearers (28 tolerant and 16 intolerant) and 34 healthy subjects. Every patient underwent a thorough ophthalmic examination with a tear osmolarity test (TearLab System), conjunctival impression cytology and meibomian lipid sampling. Symptoms, break-up time (BUT), tear osmolarity, conjunctival expression of HLA-DR and meibomian fatty acid composition were evaluated. Results: Tear osmolarity did not differ between controls and CL wearers (p = 0.23). Flow cytometry results expressed in antibody-binding capaci…
Fitness and lean mass increases during combined training independent of loading order.
2014
Although the benefits of combined endurance (E) and strength (S) training for the development of physical fitness and health are well known, scientific examination of the effect of loading order when E and S are combined into the same training session (E+S vs S+E) is rare. This study investigated the effects of moderate frequency E+S versus S+E training on physical fitness, body composition, and blood lipids.Physically active and healthy young men performed E+S (n = 16) or S+E (n = 18) training 2-3 times a week for 24 wk. Endurance (by incremental bike test) and strength (by dynamic leg press) performance as well as body composition (by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), muscle cross-sectio…
Pulse pressure amplification and its determinants
2015
Background. Pulse pressure (PP) amplification expressed as the peripheral-to-central PP ratio has gained importance in the assessment of cardiovascular phenotypes and cardiovascular risk. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between PP amplification, large vessel parameters and peripheral blood pressure (BP) to gain insights into the amplification phenomenon. Methods. Peripheral BP, central BP and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) were assessed using the OMRON M6, SphygmoCor and Complior devices, respectively, in 741 adults attending the hypertension outpatient clinic. Analysis of covariance, partial correlations and multiple linear regression models were pe…
Gut-adipose tissue axis in hepatic fat accumulation in humans
2014
Recent evidence suggests that in animals gut microbiota composition (GMC) affects the onset and progression of hepatic fat accumulation. The aim of this study was to investigate in humans whether subjects with high hepatic fat content (HHFC) differ in their GMC from those with low hepatic fat content (LHFC), and whether these differences are associated with body composition, biomarkers and abdominal adipose tissue inflammation.Hepatic fat content (HFC) was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS). Fecal GMC was profiled by 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry. Adipose tissue gene expression was analyzed using Affymetrix microarrays and quant…
Gastric emptying of indigestible tablets in relation to composition and time of ingestion of meals studied by metal detector.
1991
Enteric-coated tablets leave the stomach mainly during the interdigestive phase. Composition as well as time of ingestion of meals may influence their gastric emptying considerably. In 12 normal volunteers gastric emptying of a plastic tablet with a metal core was followed by a metal detector in relation to different compositions and various times of ingestion of meals. With an empty stomach and after ingestion of 250 ml water, the mean time for gastric emptying of the tablet was 38 +/- 11 min (mean +/- SEM) and 38 +/- 8 min. Two hundred fifty milliliters of milk (652 kJ) and a formula diet (1000 kJ) delayed gastric emptying time to 128 +/- 14 and 152 +/- 6 min, respectively (P less than 0.…
The effects of creatine supplementation on muscular performance and body composition responses to short-term resistance training overreaching
2003
To determine the effects of creatine supplementation during short-term resistance training overreaching on performance, body composition, and resting hormone concentrations, 17 men were randomly assigned to supplement with 0.3 g/kg per day of creatine monohydrate (CrM: n=9) or placebo (P: n=8) while performing resistance exercise (5 days/week for 4 weeks) followed by a 2-week taper phase. Maximal squat and bench press and explosive power in the bench press were reduced during the initial weeks of training in P but not CrM. Explosive power in the bench press, body mass, and lean body mass (LBM) in the legs were augmented to a greater extent in CrM ( P<or=0.05) by the end of the 6-week period…
LDL particle size and composition and incident cardiovascular disease in a South-European population: The Hortega-Liposcale Follow-up Study.
2018
Abstract Background The association of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle composition with cardiovascular risk has not been explored before. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between baseline LDL particle size and composition (proportions of large, medium and small LDL particles over their sum expressed as small-LDL %, medium-LDL % and large-LDL %) and incident cardiovascular disease in a population-based study. Methods Direct measurement of LDL particles was performed using a two-dimensional NMR-technique (Liposcale®). LDL cholesterol was assessed using both standard photometrical methods and the Liposcale® technique in a representative sample of 1162 adult men and women from Sp…
Influence of bethanechol on salivary parameters in irradiated patients
2017
Background Some studies have shown evidence that the prophylactic use of bethanechol chloride (BC) may be useful in preventing the incidence and/or severity of xerostomia (XT). However, the indication of BC in irradiated patients with XT needs to be better characterized. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of BC on XT, salivary flow rate, and salivary composition in patients previously submitted to head and neck radiotherapy. Material and Methods Forty five irradiated patients complaining of XT used 50 mg/day of BC for 3 months, and the salivary parameters were evaluated in 4 Phases (Before BC therapy, after one month of BC, 2 months of BC, and 3 months of BC). Biochemical analysis in…
Influences of obesity and weight loss on thyroid hormones. A 3-3.5-year follow-up study on obese subjects with surgical bilio-pancreatic by-pass
1997
The effects of changing body size, energy intake and substrate oxidation on serum T4, FT4, T3, FT3 and TSH were investigated in ten morbidly obese subjects (4 men/6 women; age: 37 ± 6 years; BMI: 53.8 ± 6.5 kg/m2; mean ± SD) who had undergone a surgical bilio-pancreatic by-pass in order to reduce their body weight. The starting value of serum FT3 was inversely related to the BMI (r = -0.63; p < 0.05). After 1-3 months, all the subjects were losing weight and their intake of carbohydrates was almost negligible; at this time a significant reduction of T3 (-14.6%, p < 0.0001), T4 (-19.5%, p < 0.0001), and FT3 (-10.5%, p < 0.001) was observed. Nine to 16 months after surgery, all th…