Search results for "conditioning"
showing 10 items of 632 documents
Use of Ultrasound in Reconditioning by Welding of Tools Used in the Process of Regenerating Rubber
2018
Addressing the problem of reconditioning large parts is of particular importance, due to their value and to the fact that the technologies for their reconditioning are very complex. The tools used to refine regenerated rubber which measure 660 mm in diameter and 2130 mm in length suffer from a rather fast dimensional wear. Within this research, the authors looked for a welding reconditioning procedure that would allow a very good adhesion between the deposited material layer and the base material. In this regard, the MAG (Metal Active Gas) welding process was used, but the ultrasonic activation of the welding process was also considered. Thus, the wire used for welding was activated conside…
Pheromone-induced olfactory memory in newborn rabbits: Involvement of consolidation and reconsolidation processes.
2009
Mammary pheromone (MP)-induced odor memory is a new model of appetitive memory functioning early in a mammal, the newborn rabbit. Some properties of this associative memory are analyzed by the use of anisomycin as an amnesic agent. Long-term memory (LTM) was impaired by anisomycin delivered immediately, but not 4 h after either acquisition or reactivation. Thus, the results suggest that this form of neonatal memory requires both consolidation and reconsolidation. By extending these notions to appetitive memory, the results reveal that consolidation and reconsolidation processes are characteristics of associative memories of positive events not only in the adult, but also in the newborn.
Context specificity of both acquisition and extinction of a Pavlovian conditioned response
2016
It is widely held that the extinction of a conditioned response is more context specific than its initial acquisition. One proposed explanation is that context serves to disambiguate the meaning of a stimulus. Using a procedure that equated the learning histories of the contexts, we show that the memory of an appetitive Pavlovian association can be highly context specific despite being unambiguous. This result is inconsistent with predictions of the Rescorla–Wagner model of learning but in line with configural accounts of contextual control of behavior. We propose an explanatory model in which context serves to modulate the gain of associative strength and which expands upon the configural …
Regulation of type IV collagen gene expression and degradation in fast and slow muscles during dexamethasone treatment and exercise.
2003
Glucocorticoids have anti-anabolic effects on many tissues and can cause muscle atrophy. However, their effects on type IV collagen gene expression and degradation in skeletal muscle have not been studied previously. Rats were treated daily with dexamethasone or saline. Half the groups of experimental and control animals were also subjected to daily endurance or uphill running exercise to determine the possible preventive effects of exercise. After an experimental period of 3 or 10 days, the extensor digitorum longus, soleus and tibialis anterior muscles were studied. Dexamethasone treatment for 10 days reduced muscle weight and type IV collagen mRNA abundance in all muscles. Gene expressio…
Tonically Active Neurons in the Monkey Striatum are Sensitive to Sensory Events in a Manner that Reflects their Predictability in Time
2002
It is now well established that tonically active neurons (TANs) in the monkey striatum respond to motivationally relevant sensory events, such as conditioned stimuli to which the animal had to react correctly to obtain reward. Recent findings obtained in our laboratory suggested that stimulus prediction may influence the responsiveness of the TANs. In the present study we specifically investigated the effects of temporal aspects of prediction on the responses of single TANs recorded both in the caudate nucleus and putamen of two macaque monkeys. Three different behavioral situations were employed: (1) an instrumental task, in which a visual stimulus triggering a rewarded movement was preced…
Consequences of food-attraction conditioning in Helix: a behavioral and electrophysiological study
1996
Food-attraction conditioning is a learning phenomenon by which adult Helix pomatia acquire the ability to locate food through exposure to that particular food. Food-conditioned snails can be distinguished from ‘naive’ snails during their approach to food. ‘Naive’ snails keep their tentacles upright — whereas ‘food-conditioned’ animals bend the tentacles down-ward, in a horizontal orientation, pointed in the direction of the food.
Childhood football play and practice in relation to self-regulation and national team selection; a study of Norwegian elite youth players.
2018
Childhood sport participation is argued to be important to understand differences in self-regulation and performance level in adolescence. This study sought to investigate if football-specific activities in childhood (6–12 years of age) is related to self-regulatory skills and national under 14- and 15-team selection in Norwegian elite youth football. Data of practice histories and self-regulatory skills of 515 youth football players selected at Norwegian regional level were collected and further analysed using multilevel analyses. The results revealed that high self-regulated players were more likely to be selected for national initiatives, and increased their involvement in peer-led footb…
Time in Associative Learning: A Review on Temporal Maps
2021
Ability to recall the timing of events is a crucial aspect of associative learning. Yet, traditional theories of associative learning have often overlooked the role of time in learning association and shaping the behavioral outcome. They address temporal learning as an independent and parallel process. Temporal Coding Hypothesis is an attempt to bringing together the associative and non-associative aspects of learning. This account proposes temporal maps, a representation that encodes several aspects of a learned association, but attach considerable importance to the temporal aspect. A temporal map helps an agent to make inferences about missing information by applying an integration mechan…
Critical analysis of conventional thermoeconomic approaches to the diagnosis of multiple faults in air conditioning units: Capabilities, drawbacks an…
2013
Abstract Faults diagnosis in air conditioning systems is a crucial activity, since malfunctions may induce heavy degradation of performance. Among the available techniques, thermoeconomic diagnosis has played a marginal role due to the difficulties encountered when applying the methodology to refrigeration plants. In this paper a critical analysis on capabilities and limits of thermoeconomic diagnosis is proposed. The reference plant is a 120 kWc air-cooled air conditioning system; a simulator is used to evaluate thermodynamic data under normal and faulty conditions, setting up “virtual experiments” to simulate each fault. Five malfunctions are imposed, either individually or simultaneously…
Pheromone-induced odour learning in newborn rabbits: action, development and adaptive function
2012
Communication orale; International audience