Search results for "conduct"

showing 10 items of 4412 documents

Quantification of intracranial contribution to rheoencephalography by a numerical model of the head

2000

Abstract Objectives : Partial contributions of intracranial and extracranial circulation to rheoencephalography (REG) remain uncertain. The main goal of this work is to determine theoretically the capability of REG techniques to reflect intracranial blood flow. Methods : Head and current injection electrodes were computationally modeled to assess REG sensitivity to brain and scalp conductivity changes. Data obtained were related to tissue perfusions to calculate the partial contribution of cerebral blood perfusion to REG I, REG II and monopolar REG and to assess their amplitudes. Results : When REG I and monopolar REG were used, the theoretical maximum of intracranial contribution was reach…

chemical and pharmacologic phenomenaModels BiologicalSensitivity and SpecificityRheoencephalographyimmune system diseaseshemic and lymphatic diseasesPhysiology (medical)HumansComputer SimulationPlethysmography ImpedanceElectrodesPhysicsMeasurement methodbusiness.industryElectric ConductivityBrainElectroencephalographyhemic and immune systemsBlood flowSensory SystemsNeurologyCerebral blood flowCerebrovascular CirculationAnesthesiaRegression AnalysisNeurology (clinical)Nuclear medicinebusinessHeadClinical Neurophysiology
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ChemInform Abstract: Electrical and Mechanical Breakdown of Anodic Films on Tungsten in Aqueous Electrolytes.

1988

Abstract Different types of breakdown are reported to occur during the galvanostatic growth of WO3 films in different aqueous electrolytes. Stresses inside the growing film cause the occurrence of cracks at a critical thickness which varies with the anodizing solution. The electrical breakdown is caused by avalanche ionization of the electronic current inside the film. The influence of the different experimental parameters on both the mechanical and the electrical breakdown voltages is discussed. For the electrical breakdown a model is proposed which explains the dependence of the sparking voltage on the electrolyte resistivity by assuming a double layer effect on the oxygen evolution react…

chemistryElectrical resistivity and conductivityAnodizingIonizationElectrical breakdownOxygen evolutionchemistry.chemical_elementGeneral MedicineElectrolyteComposite materialTungstenAnodeChemInform
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Acidic Ionic Liquids as Composite Forming Additives for Ion-conducting Materials

2013

This paper represents the material conductivity investigation of several AILs (Acidic Ionic Liquids) containing an alkane sulfonic acid group covalently bonded to pyridine and N–alkylimidazole cations. Three different anions (HSO4-, H2PO4- and TsO-) have been introduced in the structure of ionic liquids to evaluate the impact of this factor on material conductivity. Ion conductivity values in all studied ionic liquids obtained from impedance measurements in temperature range from 20 to 120 °C. Values of electroconductivity depending on ionic liquid's structure vary in rage from 1.3410−5 to 1.0510−2 S/cm at 25 °C.

chemistry.chemical_classificationAlkanechemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryIonic liquidInorganic chemistryPyridineComposite numberConductivitySulfonic acidAtmospheric temperature rangeIonIOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Single particle jumps and correlated ionic motions in glass-ceramics

1993

Using impedance spectroscopy, the ion transport in poorly Li-conducting aluminosilicate glass ceramics and their precursor glasses has been measured for temperatures 50 K < T < 550 K and covering a frequency range of more than 14 decades from 10 mHz up to 3 THz. In addition to the familiar cooperative ionic motion dominating at high temperatures, for the first time dielectric relaxation due to elementary hopping processes is observed well below room temperature.

chemistry.chemical_classificationAnalytical chemistryMineralogyIonic bondingCondensed Matter Physics530Electronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsDielectric spectroscopychemistryAluminosilicatevisual_artMaterials ChemistryCeramics and Compositesvisual_art.visual_art_mediumIonic conductivityParticleDielectric lossCeramicInorganic compound
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A chiral molecular conductor: synthesis, structure, and physical properties of [ET]3[Sb2(L-tart)2].CH3CN (ET = bis(ethylendithio)tetrathiafulvalene; …

2004

The salt [ET](3)[Sb(2)(L-tart)(2)].CH(3)CN (1) has been obtained by electrocrystallization of the organic donor bis(ethylendithio)tetrathiafulvalene (ET or BEDT-TTF) in the presence of the chiral anionic complex [Sb(2)(L-tart)(2)](2-) (L-tart = (2R,3R)-(+)-tartrate). This salt crystallizes in the chiral space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) (a = 11.145(2) angstroms, b = 12.848(2) angstroms, c = 40.159(14) angstroms, V = 5750.4(14) angstroms(3), Z = 4) and is formed by alternating layers of the anions and of the organic radicals in a noncentrosymmetric alpha-type packing. This compound shows a room temperature electrical conductivity of approximately 1 S.cm(-1) and semiconducting behavior with an activa…

chemistry.chemical_classificationAntimonyChemistryStereochemistryRadicalMolecular ConformationTemperatureSalt (chemistry)Activation energyTartrateCrystallography X-RayMagnetic susceptibilityInorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallographyElectrical resistivity and conductivityElectrochemistryOrganometallic CompoundsThermodynamicsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryElectronic band structureTartratesTetrathiafulvaleneInorganic chemistry
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Considering lithium-ion battery 3D-printing via thermoplastic material extrusion and polymer powder bed fusion

2021

Abstract In this paper, the ability to 3D print lithium-ion batteries through Pmnbspace thermoplastic material extrusion and polymer powder bed fusion is considered. Focused on the formulation of positive electrodes composed of polypropylene, LiFePO4 as active material, and conductive additives, advantages and drawbacks of both additive manufacturing technologies, are thoroughly discussed from the electrochemical, electrical, morphological and mechanical perspectives. Based on these preliminary results, strategies to further optimize the electrochemical performances are proposed. Through a comprehensive modeling study, the enhanced electrochemical suitability at high current densities of va…

chemistry.chemical_classificationBattery (electricity)Polypropylene0209 industrial biotechnologyThermoplasticMaterials sciencebusiness.industryBiomedical Engineering3D printing02 engineering and technology021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringLithium-ion batterychemistry.chemical_compound020901 industrial engineering & automationchemistryElectrodeGeneral Materials ScienceExtrusionComposite material0210 nano-technologybusinessEngineering (miscellaneous)Electrical conductorAdditive Manufacturing
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ChemInform Abstract: Electrical Conductive Coordination Polymers

2012

Coordination polymers are currently one of the hottest topics in Inorganic and Supramolecular Chemistry. This critical review summarizes the current state-of-the-art on electrical conductive coordination polymers (CPs), also named metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The data were collected following two sort criteria of the CPs structure: dimensionality and bridging ligands (151 references).

chemistry.chemical_classificationBridging (networking)ChemistrySupramolecular chemistryNanotechnologyGeneral MedicinePolymerElectrical conductorChemInform
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High performance PA6/CNTs nanohybrid fibers prepared in the melt

2012

Commercial and home-made carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were plasma treated under oxygen atmosphere and then added to polyamide 6 (PA6) in order to prepare fibres by melt spinning. For comparison, pristine nanofillers were used too. The effect of functionalization and of filler characteristics on the morphological, rheological, mechanical and electrical properties of the fibres was studied by TEM and SEM, rheological measurements, tensile and electrical conductivity tests. The results demonstrated that the functionalization led to a better mechanical performance and the morphological analysis confirmed that the adhesion, the dispersion and the alignment of the nanotubes within the polymer matrix w…

chemistry.chemical_classificationCarbon nanotubes; Electrical properties; Elastic properties; Raman spectroscopy; Melt-spinningElectrical propertieMaterials scienceElastic propertieGeneral EngineeringMechanical properties of carbon nanotubesPolymerCarbon nanotubeConductivityMelt-spinningCarbon nanotubelaw.inventionchemistrylawRaman spectroscopyPolyamideUltimate tensile strengthCeramics and CompositesSurface modificationComposite materialMelt spinningComposites Science and Technology
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Theory of nucleation and crystal growth of polymers in concentrated solutions

1974

ABSTRACT The process of crystallization in concentrated solutions depends strongly on the rate of crystallization and the rate of long range diffusion of the polymer chains. If the crystallization proceeds slowly compared to diffusion, this type of crystal nucleus will be formed for which the free energy of nucleation is smallest. By taking into account entropy effects which are characteristic for chain molecules one can show that the crystal with smallest free energy of nucleation is a crystal with almost regular chain folds on the surfaces. The influence of supercooling, concentration and molecular weight on the thickness and growth rate of such crystals is discussed. If the crystallizati…

chemistry.chemical_classificationChemistryGeneral Chemical EngineeringNucleationCrystal growthGeneral ChemistryPolymerlaw.inventionCrystalCrystallographylawChemical physicsCondensed Matter::SuperconductivityMoleculeGrowth rateCrystallizationSupercoolingPure and Applied Chemistry
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FT-IR investigation of the state of iron (III) chloride clusters confined in AOT reverse micelles dispersed in carbon tetrachloride

2007

The state of the water-soluble salt iron(III) chloride in AOT reverse micelles dispersed in carbon tetrachloride has been investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy. Interestingly, while the entrapment of a lot of water-soluble inorganic salts in AOT reverse micelles requires preliminarily the presence of significant amounts of water within the micellar core, solubilization of FeCl3 occurs without the need to add water in the micellar solution reaching the very high solubility value, expressed as the maximum salt-to-surfactant molar ratio, of 1.30. The analysis of the spectral features of the investigated samples leads to hypothesize that iron(III) chloride is confined within the reverse micellar c…

chemistry.chemical_classificationChemistryInorganic chemistryIonic bondingGeneral ChemistryConductivityCondensed Matter PhysicsBiochemistryChlorideMicelleCrystallographychemistry.chemical_compoundmedicineGeneral Materials ScienceSolubilization Confinement effects Ferric chloride AOT reverse micelles Ionic clustersCounterionSolubilitySpectroscopyIron(III) chloridemedicine.drug
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