Search results for "consonant"
showing 10 items of 60 documents
Narrow-diameter implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2018
OBJECTIVES Narrow-diameter implants (NDI) are claimed to be a reasonable alternative to bone augmentation procedures. The aim of this comprehensive literature review was to conduct a meta-analysis comparing the implant survival of NDI and standard diameter implants (SDI) and to provide recommendations and guidelines for application of NDI. MATERIAL AND METHODS An extensive systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library databases. NDI were classified into Category 1 (implant diameter <3.0 mm, "mini-implants"), Category 2 (implant diameter 3-3.25 mm) and Category 3 (implant diameters 3.3-3.5 mm). Clinical studies at all levels of evidence with at lea…
Pronunciare bene. Fonetica italiana e tedesca a confronto
2017
Come si fa ad acquisire una buona pronuncia? Questo libro – che si rivolge a italofoni che studiano o insegnano il tedesco e a germanofoni che studiano o insegnano l’italiano – mette a disposizione tutto il background teorico necessario per quanto riguarda la pronuncia di entrambe le lingue. La descrizione in parallelo dell’italiano e del tedesco fornisce le basi per un confronto tra i due differenti sistemi fonologici. Che cosa hanno in comune e in che cosa si differenziano? Quali errori ci si può aspettare dagli italofoni che si esprimono in tedesco e dai germanofoni che si esprimono in italiano? Grazie a quali accorgimenti si possono evitare gli errori riuscendo così a “pronunciare bene”…
Morphological analogy and phonological markedness in the inchoative verbs of catalan
2020
espanolLa analogia entre formas de un paradigma morfologico puede dar lugar a alomorfos marcados desde el punto de vista de la fonologia. En este estudio nos centramos en el analisis del incremento incoativo -isc- [isk] que se puede realizar en el catalan de Valencia con una sibilante palatal en los verbos incoativos de la tercera conjugacion: por ej., servixc [seɾviʃk] ‘sirvo’. A pesar de que el grupo consonantico [ʃk] se considera marcado fonologicamente, esta forma palatalizada parece haber sustituido a la forma tradicional del catalan occidental con una sibilante alveolar -isc- [isk], por analogia con formas del presente de indicativo como servix [seɾviʃ] ‘sirve’. Los resultados del est…
Measuring orthographic transparency and morphological-syllabic complexity in alphabetic orthographies
2017
This narrative review discusses quantitative indices measuring differences between alphabetic languages that are related to the process of word recognition. The specific orthography that a child is acquiring has been identified as a central element influencing reading acquisition and dyslexia. However, the development of reliable metrics to measure differences between language scripts hasn’t received much attention so far. This paper therefore reviews metrics proposed in the literature for quantifying orthographic transparency, syllabic complexity, and morphological complexity of alphabetic languages. The review included searches of Web of Science, PubMed, PsychInfo, Google Scholar, and var…
O galego-português, matriz do mundo lingüístico luso-brasileiro
2021
O período inicial desta breve história da língua galega e o reintegracionismo lingüístico começa com umhas observaçons de umha «Carta» de Martim Sarmiento (1695-1771), precursor da filologia galega, e finaliza em 2019, ano em que a Real Academia Galega (RAG), toma o acordo de dedicar-lhe o «Dia das Letras Galegas» ao polígrafo ferrolano Ricardo Carvalho Calero (Ferrol 1910 - Santiago de Compostela 1990). Elaboram-se apenas umhas ideias sobre o século XIX e primeira metade do XX; mais informaçom aparece sobre a segunda metade do século passado e primeiras décadas do XXI.
Acoustic properties and perception of minimal contrasts in Valencian Catalan sibilants
2017
El valencià estàndard presenta tres consonants fricatives sibilants: /s/, /z/ i /S/.Mentre que el contrast entre /z/ i /s/ sembla indiscutible, l’existència d’unaoposició real entre /S/ i /s/ és més dubtosa. El primer objectiu d’aquest treball éscomprovar si, en un estil de parla hiperarticulat (Fonet, Gonzàlvez et al., 2007), laconsonant /s/ és diferent de /z/ i de /S/ tenint en compte set paràmetres acústics:durada, harmonicitat, pic espectral i quatre moments espectrals: centre de gravetat,desviació estàndard, asimetria i curtosi. Les dades revelen que /z/ i /s/ contrastenclarament en durada, harmonicitat i asimetria; /S/ i /s/ contrasten en harmonicitat,desviació estàndard, curtosi i, e…
Brain responses to changes in speech sound durations differ between infants with and without familial risk for dyslexia
2002
A specific learning disability, developmental dyslexia, is a language-based disorder that is shown to be strongly familial. Therefore, infants born to families with a history of the disorder are at an elevated risk for the disorder. However, little is known of the potential early markers of dyslexia. Here we report differences between 6-month-old infants with and without high risk of familial dyslexia in brain electrical activation generated by changes in the temporal structure of speech sounds, a critical cueing feature in speech. We measured event-related brain responses to consonant duration changes embedded in ata pseudowords applying an oddball paradigm, in which pseudoword tokens with…
Does Tonal Information Affect the Early Stages of Visual-Word Processing in Thai?
2014
Thai offers a unique opportunity to investigate the role of lexical tone processing during visual-word recognition, as tone is explicitly expressed in its script. In order to investigate the contribution of tone at the orthographic/phonological level during the early stages of word processing in Thai, we conducted a masked priming experiment—using both lexical decision and word naming tasks. For a given target word (e.g., ห้อง/hᴐ:ŋ2/, room), five priming conditions were created: (a) identity (e.g., ห้อง/hᴐ:ŋ2/), (b) same initial consonant, but with a different tone marker (e.g., ห่อง/hᴐ:ŋ1/), (c) different initial consonant, but with the same tone marker (e.g., ศ้อง/sᴐ:ŋ2/), (d) orthograph…
Event-Related Potentials and Consonant Differentiation in Newborns with Familial Risk for Dyslexia
2004
We measured event-related potentials (ERPs) to synthetic consonant-vowel syllables (/ba/, /da/, /ga/) from 26 newborns with familial risk for dyslexia and 23 control infants participating in the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia. The syllables were presented with equal probability and with interstimulus intervals ranging from 3,010 to 7,285 ms. Analyses of averaged ERPs from the latencies identified on the basis of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant group differences in stop-consonant processing in several latency ranges. At the latencies of 50-170 ms and 540-630 ms, the responses to /ga/ were larger and more positive than those to /ba/ and /da/ in the right hem…
Processing of word stress related acoustic information : A multi-feature MMN study
2016
In the present study, we investigated the processing of word stress related acoustic features in a word context. In a passive oddball multi-feature MMN experiment, we presented a disyllabic pseudo-word with two acoustically similar syllables as standard stimulus, and five contrasting deviants that differed from the standard in that they were either stressed on the first syllable or contained a vowel change. Stress was realized by an increase of f0, intensity, vowel duration or consonant duration. The vowel change was used to investigate if phonemic and prosodic changes elicit different MMN components. As a control condition, we presented non-speech counterparts of the speech stimuli. Result…