Search results for "controlled"
showing 10 items of 2729 documents
A method for the preparation of repacked soil cores with homogeneous aggregates for studying microbial nitrogen transformations under highly controll…
1998
International audience; he feasibility of studies on nitrate transformations during incubation in controlled conditions of air-filled porosity using a method of soil core preparation was investigated. Repacked cores were obtained by uniaxial confined compression in a cylindrical mould of a mass of calibrated and conveniently wet aggregates with a water content selected to saturate the textural porosity of the soil aggregates, imposing structural porosity and thereby producing controlled conditions of aeration. The principle and the descrip- tion of the incubation method are explained and some denitrification and respiration data obtained with low and increasing OZ partial pressures are pres…
Influence of solvent-free reticulation treatment on edible film properties based on chitosan and gelatin, containing or not natural antioxidants : ph…
2015
This thesis aims to develop an edible packaging made of a mixture of chitosan and gelatin (beef or fish), to better understand the influence of the electron beam irradiation and of the incorporation of natural antioxidants on the physico-chemical and functional properties of the films. A study of the effect of irradiation on antioxidants release kinetics in a simple liquid medium was studied for validation. A preliminary study first showed that the densification of the film-forming solution and the gel during drying does not depend on the thickness or concentration or time and suggests a Fickian diffusion of water in the matrix. The permeability to water vapor increases linearly with film t…
Emulsion-based systems for fabrication of electrospun nanofibers: food, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications
2017
International audience; Electrospinning is considered a promising technology for fabricating ultrafine fibers via the application of electrostatic repulsive forces. Electrospun nanofibers produced via emulsion electrospinning are widely used as delivery systems to encapsulate bioactive compounds and drugs in food and pharmaceuticals, respectively. Emulsion electrospinning has also gained significant interest for the production of vehicles for sustained and controlled release. There are several parameters affecting the properties of fabricated fibers including the type of emulsion, emulsion composition, electric field strength, conductivity of solution, surface tension, electrode configurati…
Alcoholic beverages, obesity, physical activity and other nutritional factors, and cancer risk: A review of the evidence
2016
International audience; Purpose: Prevention is a priority in the fight against cancers, especially nutritional prevention. To update the levels of evidence of relationships between 10 nutritional factors and cancer risk, the scientific literature published from 2006 to 2014 was reviewed by an expert group.Methods: Data from 133 meta-analyses, pooled analyses or intervention trials were examined. Nearly 150 relationships between nutritional factors and cancer at various sites were evaluated.Results: According to the evidence graded as convincing or probable, these factors were divided in two groups. Factors which increase the risk of cancer are alcoholic beverages, overweight and obesity, re…
Efficacy and safety assessment of azithromycin 1.5% eye drops (azyter) in peri-operative antibio-prophylaxis for cataract surgery
2009
International audience; Introduction: Background: Endophthalmitis is still one of the most fearsome complications of cataract surgery. The most important pathogens causing post-operative phacoemulsification endophthalmitis are staphylococci. Methods: 85 patients were included in a phase II pilot study. Patients were divided in three groups, group 1 and 3 received either azithromycin 1.5% eye drops or placebo eye drops one day before surgery and for 2 days after surgery and group 2 received azithromycin 1.5% eye drops for 3 days after surgery. Treatments were administered twice a day: one drop in the morning and one in the evening. Bacterial samples were collected three times from the conjun…
The effect of allergen immunotherapy in the onset of new sensitizations: a meta-analysis.
2017
Background Although the preventive efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in the onset of new allergen sensitizations has been asserted by many reviews, position papers, and consensus conferences, the evidence available is from only 3 studies. The objective of this work was a systematic review to evaluate the preventive efficacy of AIT in the onset of new allergen sensitizations. The end-point was the risk difference (RD) in the onset of new allergen sensitizations between patients treated with AIT and pharmacotherapy. Methods Computerized bibliographic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (until November 30th, 2016) were done. Random-effects and fixed-effects model meta-…
Theory-Based Interventions Combining Mental Simulation and Planning Techniques to Improve Physical Activity: Null Results from Two Randomized Control…
2016
Interventions to assist individuals in initiating and maintaining regular participation in physical activity are not always effective. Psychological and behavioral theories advocate the importance of both motivation and volition in interventions to change health behavior. Interventions adopting self-regulation strategies that foster motivational and volitional components may, therefore, have utility in promoting regular physical activity participation. We tested the efficacy of an intervention adopting motivational (mental simulation) and volitional (implementation intentions) components to promote a regular physical activity in two studies. Study 1 adopted a cluster randomized design in wh…
Cancer‐associated venous thromboembolism: Treatment and prevention with rivaroxaban
2020
Abstract Cancer‐associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent, potentially life‐threatening event that complicates cancer management. Anticoagulants are the cornerstone of therapy for the treatment and prevention of cancer‐associated thrombosis (CAT); factor Xa–inhibiting direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs; apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban), which have long been recommended for the treatment of VTE in patients without cancer, have been investigated in this setting. The first randomized comparisons of DOACs against low‐molecular‐weight heparin for the treatment of CAT indicated that DOACs are efficacious in this setting, with findings reflected in recent updates to published guidan…
Smad7 controls resistance of colitogenic T cells to regulatory T cell-mediated suppression.
2008
Background & Aims Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the maintenance of the gut immune homeostasis, and an intact transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling is required for their function. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the TGF-β signaling is impaired because of high expression of the inhibitory molecule Smad7. Although no intrinsic defects in Tregs function have been shown in IBD, it is still unknown whether colitogenic T cells are susceptible to Treg-mediated suppression. In this study, we have investigated whether IBD mucosal CD4+ T cells are resistant to Tregs and whether Smad7 is involved in this process. Methods IBD lamina propria mononuclear cells …
Looking for the best immune-checkpoint inhibitor in pre-treated NSCLC patients: An indirect comparison between nivolumab, pembrolizumab and atezolizu…
2017
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors represent the new standard of care in patients with advanced NSCLC who progressed after first-line treatment. This work aim to assess any difference in both efficacy and safety profiles among Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab in pre-treated NSCLC patients. Randomized clinical trials comparing immune-checkpoint inhibitor versus docetaxel in pre-treated patients with advanced NSCLC were included and direct comparison meta-analysis of selected trials have been performed. Subsequently the summary estimates of Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab emerging from the direct meta-analysis were selected to provide the pooled estimates of hazard ratio (HR) and…