Search results for "cortex"
showing 10 items of 1827 documents
P072. The visual cortical excitability in pediatric migraine as tested by sound-induced flash illusions
2015
Objectives Sound-induced flash illusions (SIFI) depend on visual cortex (V1) excitability [1]. In adults with migraine, in response to visual-acoustic illusions, V1 is hyperexcitable [2]. Susceptibility to SIFI is increased in children than adults. During childhood there is a change in sensory dominance: acoustic dominant switching to a visual [3]. Here we used SIFI to evaluate V1 excitability in children with migraine assessing also age-related differences in cross-modal audio-visual perception.
Use of asthma medication during pregnancy and risk of specific congenital anomalies: A European case-malformed control study.
2015
Background: Pregnant women with asthma need to take medication during pregnancy.Objective: We sought to identify whether there is an increased risk of specific congenital anomalies after exposure to antiasthma medication in the first trimester of pregnancy.Methods: We performed a population-based case-malformed control study testing signals identified in a literature review. Odds ratios (ORs) of exposure to the main groups of asthma medication were calculated for each of the 10 signal anomalies compared with registrations with nonchromosomal, nonsignal anomalies as control registrations. In addition, exploratory analyses were done for each nonsignal anomaly. The data set included 76,249 reg…
Prenatal Music Exposure Induces Long-Term Neural Effects
2013
We investigated the neural correlates induced by prenatal exposure to melodies using brains' event-related potentials (ERPs). During the last trimester of pregnancy, the mothers in the learning group played the ‘Twinkle twinkle little star’ -melody 5 times per week. After birth and again at the age of 4 months, we played the infants a modified melody in which some of the notes were changed while ERPs to unchanged and changed notes were recorded. The ERPs were also recorded from a control group, who received no prenatal stimulation. Both at birth and at the age of 4 months, infants in the learning group had stronger ERPs to the unchanged notes than the control group. Furthermore, the ERP amp…
The effects of mental fatigue on sport-related performance
2018
International audience; Mental fatigue is known to increase subjective feelings of fatigue and to decrease cognitive performance, but its impact on physical performance remains poorly understood. The aim of this chapter was to review the results of 29 studies published between 2009 and April 2018 and focusing on the impact of mental fatigue on sport-related performance. Taken all studies together, it appears that mental fatigue impairs endurance performance, motor skills performance and decision-making performance. However, maximal force production is not reduced in the presence of mental fatigue. These observations suggest that mental fatigue impairs sport-related performance during exerci…
Novel modes of rhythmic burst firing at cognitively-relevant frequencies in thalamocortical neurons.
2008
It is now widely accepted that certain types of cognitive functions are intimately related to synchronized neuronal oscillations at both low (alpha/theta) (4-7/8-13 Hz) and high (beta/gamma) (18-35/30-70 Hz) frequencies. The thalamus is a key participant in many of these oscillations, yet the cellular mechanisms by which this participation occurs are poorly understood. Here we describe how, under appropriate conditions, thalamocortical (TC) neurons from different nuclei can exhibit a wide array of largely unrecognised intrinsic oscillatory activities at a range of cognitively-relevant frequencies. For example, both metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) and muscarinic Ach receptor (mAchR) …
Three Patterns of Oscillatory Activity Differentially Synchronize Developing Neocortical Networks In Vivo
2009
Coordinated patterns of electrical activity are important for the early development of sensory systems. The spatiotemporal dynamics of these early activity patterns and the role of the peripheral sensory input for their generation are essentially unknown. We performed extracellular multielectrode recordings in the somatosensory cortex of postnatal day 0 to 7 rats in vivo and observed three distinct patterns of synchronized oscillatory activity. (1) Spontaneous and periphery-driven spindle bursts of 1-2 s in duration and approximately 10 Hz in frequency occurred approximately every 10 s. (2) Spontaneous and sensory-driven gamma oscillations of 150-300 ms duration and 30-40 Hz in frequency oc…
Early patterns of electrical activity in the developing cerebral cortex of humans and rodents.
2006
International audience; During prenatal and early postnatal development, the cerebral cortex exhibits synchronized oscillatory network activity that is believed to be essential for the generation of neuronal cortical circuits. The nature and functional role of these early activity patterns are of central interest in neuroscience. Much of the research is performed in rodents and in vitro, but how closely do these model systems relate to the human fetal brain? In this review, we compare observations in humans with in vivo and in vitro rodent data, focusing on particular oscillatory activity patterns that share many common features: delta brushes, spindle bursts and spindle-like oscillations. …
Structure-activity relationship of furosemide-derived compounds as antagonists of cerebellum-specific GABA(A) receptors.
1998
The Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter blocker furosemide inhibits gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride currents and reverses GABA-mediated inhibition of [35S]-t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate ([35S]TBPS) binding of the cerebellar alpha6 subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors much more potently than the cerebrocortical non-alpha6 subunit-containing receptors. Of the 44 compounds studied, all precursors or derivatives of diuretics, one compound [hydrazinosulfonyl-furosemide (PF 1885)] reversed 5-microM GABA-induced inhibition of [35S]TBPS binding to cerebellar and cerebrocortical receptors. Three other compounds, all of which are structurally closely related to furosemide, were selective antago…
Regional distribution of blood flow in the renal cortex
1969
Es wird ein autoradiographisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung der regionalen Durchblutungsverteilung in differenziert strukturierten Organen beschrieben. Mit dieser neuen Methode wird die Durchblutung der Nierenrinde untersucht. Es wird nachgewiesen, dass die Durchblutungs- bzw. Widerstandsverteilung innerhalb der Rinde nicht einheitlich ist, sondern dass sich drei verschieden durchblutete, anatomisch voneinander abgrenzbare Teile unterscheiden lassen.
Die Wirkung von Thiopental-Natrium und Pentobarbital-Natrium auf die Nierengef��e von M�usen
1957
The action of intravenous injections of pentobarbital and of thiopental on the blood pressure and on the vascular tone in the cortex of the kidney has been studied in albino mice. Pentobarbital caused a pronounced decrease of the filling of blood vessels in the cortex of kidneys together with a long-lasting anaesthesia and a long lasting fall of blood pressure. Thiopental, on the other hand, was less effective on the filling of blood vessels, while its narcotic effect was small and the fall of blood pressure less pronounced. The results indicate that both substances increased the vascular tone in the cortex of the kidney.