Search results for "cost"

From innovation to labour costs : Change of emphasis in Finnish competitiveness policy ideas after the Eurocrisis

2018

Small open economies such as Finland are particularly exposed to international market competition. In this article, Finland is analysed as a competition state where the pursuit of international advantages is a policy priority. Previously, Finland has been argued to be an exemplar of an economy following a strategy of radical transformation via creatively utilizing corporatist institutions instead of relying mainly on liberal reforms. In the 1990s, Finnish policymakers adopted policy ideas that emphasize technological change, innovation and education as a means to competitive edges and pursued these goals in a coordinated manner. This allowed Finland to adopt an export-led growth model and s…

Economic burden of low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour in Finland

2022

BackgroundLow physical activity and high sedentary behaviour are unquestionably relevant for public health while also increasing direct and indirect costs.MethodsThe authors examined the direct and indirect costs attributable to low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour in Finland in 2017. Costs related to major non-communicable diseases drawn from Finnish registries covered direct costs (outpatient visits, days of inpatient care, medication and institutional eldercare) and indirect costs (sickness-related absences, disability pensions, unemployment benefits, all-cause mortality and losses of income tax revenue). Prevalences of low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour (≥8…

Il trattamento delle lacune nel restauro architettonico: il palazzo della Zisa a Palermo.

2008

The wise man evokes the principal phases of the restaurations of the Norman building of the Zisa in Palermo with particular to the following interventions to the 1971 collapse. The theory of Caesar Brandì and the 1972 Restauration Italian Paper are takings in consideration as it regards the treatment of the gaps. Fundamental theoretical experience in the speculations of it Brandished. Particularly you/they are put in evidence some errors committed for the treatment of the surfaces of the hanging of stone of the Zisa treated with impermeable plastic products, that are had to correct with an unexpected yard. Only after the removal of the acrylic products you/he/she is been able to reestablish…

Accounting for soil parameter uncertainty in a physically based and distributed approach for rainfall-triggered landslides

2016

In this study we propose a probabilistic approach for coupled distributed hydrological-hillslope stability models that accounts for soil parameters uncertainty at basin scale. The geotechnical and soil retention curve parameters are treated as random variables across the basin and theoretical probability distributions of the Factor of Safety (FS) are estimated. The derived distributions are used to obtain the spatio-temporal dynamics of probability of failure, in terms of parameters uncertainty, conditioned to soil moisture dynamics. The framework has been implemented in the tRIBS-VEGGIE (Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)-based Real-time Integrated Basin Simulator-VEGetation Generator fo…

Hierarchical BEM for dynamic analysis of anisotropic 3-D cracked solids

2011

La contabilidad de costes a finales del s. XIX: el caso de la empresa española Trenor y Cía. (1838-1926)

2006

El objetivo principal de este estudio es aportar evidencia empírica sobre la evolución de los sistemas de costes, y el papel de la información contable como instrumento esencial en la gestión y evolución de las empresas, para lo que hemos investigado el caso de la sociedad colectiva Trenor y Cía., una de las empresas más relevantes de la economía valenciana del siglo XIX, por su contribución al desarrollo agrícola e industrial. Aunque inicialmente se estableció en una fábrica de hilatura de seda y se dedicó a la importación y exportación de productos agrarios, exportación de pasas sobre todo, y a las operaciones de banca, en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX comenzó la producción de sacos, …

SHINING 3D EINSCAN-PRO, application and validation in the field of Cultural Heritage, from the Chillida-Leku Museum to the Archaeological Museum of S…

2019

Abstract. The following contribution focuses on the low-cost Shining 3D EinScan-Pro scanner, above all the analysis of its precision and accuracy. The need to prove the functioning of this instrumentation in practical cases (the sculptures by Eduardo Chillida preserved in the Chillida-Leku Museum and along with some artefacts collected in the Archaeological Museum of Sarno), has led to the comparison and validation of the instrument through a methodology necessarily diversified from the guideline VDI/VDE 2634, part 2 and part 3, characteristics to the test the optical 3D measuring systems with planar measurement, which works according to the triangulation principle. In particular, two types…

A simple methodology for comparing cost-benefit of traditional, green and cool roofs

2019

Energy policy makers, architects and researchers, when designing new buildings or rehabilitating the existing ones, are engaged in the attempt of limiting the energy needs for climatization (NZEB buildings) and the environmental pressure exerted by buildings (EU Climate Action). The pursuit of this demanding assignment calls for innovative solutions in conceiving the building envelope and its energy systems. Recently, among the most effective tools for improving the energy and environmental performances of buildings, the technical interventions regarding the roofs are gaining a rising attention. Indeed, covers of buildings are responsible of a relevant part of their energy losses and, on th…

Parametric uncertainty or hydrological changes?

2014

Abstract. The model calibration is the way of hydrologists for searching also a physical interpretation of complex interactions acting within a basin. Actually, it can be frequently noticed how model calibration performed on a given time-window may converge to a point in the parameter space that could be distant from another obtainable calibration of the model in the same basin but considering a different time window. Is that again parametric uncertainty or does the trajectory in the parametric space relate about to a slow hydrological basin change? This paper depicts a possible path for detecting changes' signatures in a streamflow time series. In particular, the paper seeks to draw a way …

Mapping daily evapotranspiration at field to continental scales using geostationary and polar orbiting satellite imagery

2011

Abstract. Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing of land-surface temperature (LST) provides valuable information about the sub-surface moisture status required for estimating evapotranspiration (ET) and detecting the onset and severity of drought. While empirical indices measuring anomalies in LST and vegetation amount (e.g., as quantified by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI) have demonstrated utility in monitoring ET and drought conditions over large areas, they may provide ambiguous results when other factors (e.g., air temperature, advection) are affecting plant functioning. A more physically based interpretation of LST and NDVI and their relationship to sub-surface moistu…