Search results for "criteri"

Simplification d’un modèle complexe pour le développement d’un modèle d’aide à la décision pour la gestion agroécologique de la flore adventice

2019

National audience; Afin de réduire l’utilisation d’herbicides, nous avons besoin de nouveaux outils pour aider à concevoir des stratégies de gestion des adventices économes en herbicides. Dans ce but, nous avons développé un Outil d'Aide à la Décision (OAD) pour la conception de systèmes de culture réconciliant protection des cultures et respect des écosystèmes. La démarche fait intervenir en parallèle le développement de la structure de l’outil en interaction avec les futurs utilisateurs (conseillers et agriculteurs) et une sim-plification du contenu biophysique du modèle FLORSYS concernant les impacts des systèmes de culture et des adventices. FLORSYS est une « parcelle virtuelle », où so…

Evaluation ex ante des conséquences de l'adoption de la production intégrée en grandes cultures à l'échelle de la Bourgogne

2015

The agriculture in France is under intense pressure. Farmers are asked to change their crop management, to evolve toward agroecology, to follow the principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and to reduce pesticide use. However such an evolution toward an alternative agricultural model will be possible only if innovative cropping systems are able to maintain competitive and profitable farms.The aim of our work is to contribute to the debates about this issue, by evaluating ex ante the potential consequences of adopting the principles of IPM over one whole agricultural region, taking into account the diversity of production situations within this region. We considered the Burgundy region…

Co-développement d'un modèle d'aide à la décision pour la gestion intégrée de la flore adventice. Méta-modélisation et analyse de sensibilité d'un mo…

2018

The main threat to agricultural crops are weeds with herbicides being the primary cropping management practice. Due to the negative impact of herbicides on health and environment, their use must be reduced. To replace herbicides, numerous cropping practices need to be implemented. This makes weed management more complicated and, together with necessity of scheduling operations at long-term and the multiplicity of cropping system impacts, explains why models are so useful for designing innovative cropping systems. The aim of this thesis was to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) intended for crop advisors to help design cropping systems that are less dependent on herbicides. Our approach…

Identification of sustainable cropping systems with high multi-sector performances

2014

International audience; Multicriteria assessment is needed to identify promising cropping systems with good performances on different components of sustainability. Some trade-offs between criteria may occur. A better knowledge about the relationship between criteria can help (i) to ide ntify cropping systems with high multi-sector performances (e.g. Castoldi et al., 2010; Firbank et al., 2013), and (ii) to guide policy makers’choices. In this paper, we present the early results from our multi-sector evaluation performed on data collected on cropping systems experiments.

Co-design and test of biodiversity-based pesticide-free Conservation Agriculture in the long-term CA-SYS platform in France

2022

The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) has established an ambitious experimental infrastructure (the CA-SYS platform) in autumn 2018 after 5 years of co-design with farmers, crop advisors and researchers. CA-SYS covers an area of 125ha divided into 42 fields. The originality of CA-SYS is that it is explicitly conceivedfor the design and evaluation of biodiversity-based and pesticide-free agroecological systems across agriculturallyrealistic scales. An agroecological system will comprise a matrix of fields of one (or a few) cropping systems over anumber of years interacting with adjacent semi-natural habitats (hedges, grass margin strips, flower strips). Thisspatio-te…

Tracking Ideal Varieties and Cropping Techniques for Agroecological Weed Management: A Simulation-Based Study on Pea.

2022

Book of abstract p.110-111; International audience; Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a key diversification crop but current varieties are not verycompetitive against weeds. The objective of this study was to identify, depending on the typeof cropping system and weed flora, (1) the key pea parameters that drive crop production,weed control and weed contribution to biodiversity, (2) optimal combinations of peaparameter values and crop-management techniques to maximise these goals. For this, virtualexperiments were run, using FLORSYS, a mechanistic simulation model (Colbach et al., 2021,Field Crops Res 261:108006). This individual-based 3D model simulates daily crop-weed seedand plant dynamics over t…

How Good Is This Page? Benefits and Limits of Prompting on Adolescents’ Evaluation of Web Information Quality

2019

International audience; The present study examined adolescents' detection of features that affect the quality of Web information. In Experiment 1, participants (12-16 years old) rated the goodness/usefulness of four Web-like documents for a simulated study assignment. Each document came with an issue that potentially undermined its quality. Two documents had source-related issues (i.e., non-competent author, outdated) and two had content-related issues (i.e., topic mismatch, poor readability). Most students failed to notice the issues, including topic mismatch. The participants also produced inconsistent evaluations of topic-match, readability, author competence and currency. In Experiment …

Improving the logistic process of orders dispatching through a multi-criteria decision-making perspective

2020

International audience; Far from being a mere production-oriented mission, competition among companies has to be considered as a much wider concept, largely based on effective supply chain management. Implementing suitable supply chain strategies is indeed crucial for enterprises seeking to strengthen their own position in the market against their competitors. With this recognition, one of the main issue in the logistic field is the suppliers and orders management, that is a complex decision-making problem depending on a wide set of aspects mutually correlated and often conflicting each other. This is the reason why assuming a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) perspective is useful to d…

The unsolved question of acute pancreatitis. prognostic criteria: A case report

2014

Construction of quality indicators based on pre-established goals: application to a colombian public university

2020

This study creates indicators of adequacy and excellence based on multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods and fuzzy logic. The calculation of indicators presents two main difficulties: The nature of the data (numerical, interval, and linguistic values are mixed) and the objective of each criterion (which does not have to reach either the maximum or the minimum). A method is proposed, based on similarity measures with predetermined ideals, that is capable of overcoming these difficulties to provide easy-to-interpret information about the quality of the alternatives. To illustrate the usefulness of this proposed method, it has been applied to data collected from students across nine …