Search results for "croissance"
showing 10 items of 109 documents
Effect of pulp cell number and assimilate availability on dry matter accumulation rate in a banana fruit (Musa sp. AAA group 'Grande Naine' (Cavendis…
2001
Fruit position on the bunch (inflorescence) is an important part of variability in banana fruit weight at harvest, as fruits at the bottom of the bunch (distal fruits) are approx. 40% smaller than those at the top (proximal fruits). In this study, the respective roles of cell number and cell filling rate in the development of pulp dry weight are estimated. To this end, the source/sink ratio in the plant was altered at different stages of fruit development. Leaf shading (reducing resource availability), bunch bagging (increasing sink activity by increasing fruit temperature), and bunch trimming (decreasing sink size by fruit pruning), applied once cell division had finished, showed that the …
Lobesia botrana larvae develop faster in the presence of parasitoids.
2013
3 pages; International audience; To combat parasitism hosts often rely on their immune system, which is the last line of defense. However, the immune system may not always be effective, and other non-immunological defenses might be favored to reduce the cost of parasite infection. Here we report that larvae of the moth Lobesia botrana can rapidly accelerate their development and reach maturity earlier in response to cues perceived at a distance from parasitoids. Such a phenotypically plastic life history shift, induced by the perception of deadly enemies in the environment, is likely to be an adaptive defensive strategy to prevent parasitoid attack, and has important implications in host-pa…
Éducation primaire et croissance économique en Afrique subsaharienne : les conditions d'une relation efficace
1995
This article is looking at the causes of the low effectiveness of educational investment in Subsaharan Africa, both at the micro level (effect on labour productivity), and at the macro level (effect on the rate of economic growth). Several recent empirical studies have shown that education impact is systematically weaker in this region than in the rest of the world, and even sometimes negative, as in the case of agricultural productivity. Two series of causes may explain this lack of impact : first, inappropriate economic policies at the macro level which hamper the role of education, either through negative incentives structures, or because of the absence of provision of associated factors…
Défenses antioxydantes, inflammation et immunomodulation, au cours du diabète gestationnel, dans les compartiments maternel, foetal et placentaire
2010
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as ‘carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy’, irrespective to necessary treatment and its evolution in the post partum. GDM is associated with a number of complications/ pathologies both in mother and in their newborns, with short and long-term. In this study, we investigated the role of cytokines, adipokines and antioxidant status during GDM and macrosomia. Our study has demonstrated that these pathologies are associated with a perturbation in lipid metabolism, and antioxidant and immune status. GDM is linked to the down-regulation of adiponectin along with Th1 cytokines and upregulation o…
Contraintes budgétaires, développement des ressources humaines et croissance économique en Afrique sub-saharienne
1992
International audience
Investigation of the physiological impact and the mode of action of the pyoverdine from Pseudomonas fluorescens on Arabidopsis thaliana : links with …
2015
Siderophores are strong iron chelators produced by bacteria under iron deficiency conditions. In the present work, we studied the impact of the siderophore pyoverdine, produced by the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12, on plant physiology from phenotypic to molecular effects with a specific focus on plant growth, immune response and iron homeostasis. Based on our analysis of the mode of action of the non-protein amino acid β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), a priming inducer in plants, we studied more specifically the functional link between iron homeostasis and plant immunity. Under iron deficiency, P. fluorescens excretes the iron free form of pyoverdine (apo-pyo…
Innovation et croissance économique: rôle et enjeux du financement des PME
2012
À travers une double lecture, économique et financière, ce travail tente d’expliquer en quoi le lien établi, au plan théorique et empirique, entre innovation et croissance économique est sous-optimal en raison d’une inadéquation structurelle entre la demande des PME innovantes et l’offre du marché des capitaux.
Analyse des sources des synergies de couts dans les operations de croissance externe horizontale
2015
Les motivations du recours aux opérations de croissance externe sont multiples et spécifiques à chaque entreprise. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à la motivation due aux effets des synergies de coûts résultant de la réunion des chaînes de valeur business de la cible et de l’acquéreur dans une opération horizontale. Des réponses théoriques seront apportées à deux questions liées aux effets de synergies de coûts : Que sont les synergies de coûts dans une opération de croissance externe de type horizontal ? Quelles sont les sources en cause dans ce type de synergies ?Mots clés: Synergie de coûts, Croissance externe, Ressources, Compétences, Création de valeur, Chaîne de valeur.
Determinants of complementary feeding practices in infants from the ELFE study : familial health, socio-economic and demographic characteristics and …
2018
Infant feeding practices could be risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, via early nutritional programming. These practices have not been described in detail in France until now and knowing their determinants could help improve nutritional prevention interventions.For more than 11 000 children followed in the ELFE cohort (French Longitudinal Study since childhood), we calculated the age at introduction of complementary feeding (CFg) and of food groups, evaluated the uses of added sugar, salt and fat from 3 to 10 months old, and defined three principal components of early feeding. Their associations with familial characteristics were evaluated, taking in account the influence of the infan…