Search results for "death"
showing 10 items of 1744 documents
Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study…
2021
Background Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people, which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health, enables identification of global investment priorities for this age group. We aimed to analyse data on the number of deaths, years of life lost, and mortality rates by sex and age group in people aged 10–24 years in 204 countries and territories from 1950 to 2019 by use of estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods We report trends in estimated total numbers of deaths and mortality rate per 100 000 population in young people aged 10–24 years by age group (10–14 y…
Bruce/apollon promotes hippocampal neuron survival and is downregulated by kainic acid
2005
Prolonged or excess stimulation of excitatory amino acid receptors leads to seizures and the induction of excitotoxic nerve cell injury. Kainic acid acting on glutamate receptors produces degeneration of vulnerable neurons in parts of the hippocampus and amygdala, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. We have here investigated whether the anti-apoptotic protein Bruce is involved in kainic acid-induced neurodegeneration. In the rat hippocampus and cortex, Bruce was exclusively expressed by neurons. The levels of Bruce were rapidly downregulated by kainic acid in hippocampal neurons as shown both in vivo and in cell culture. Caspase-3 was activated in neurons exhibiting low level…
Zinc chelation during non-lesioning overexcitation results in neuronal death in the mouse hippocampus
2003
In the hippocampus, chelatable zinc is accumulated in vesicles of glutamatergic presynaptic terminals, abounding specially in the mossy fibers, from where it is released with activity and can exert a powerful inhibitory action upon N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Zinc is therefore in a strategic situation to control overexcitation at the zinc-rich excitatory synapses, and consequently zinc removal during high activity might result in excitotoxic neuronal damage. We analyzed the effect of zinc chelation with sodium dietyldithiocarbamate under overexcitation conditions induced by non-lesioning doses of kainic acid in the mouse hippocampus, to get insight into the role of zinc under overexcita…
Neural overexcitation and implication of NMDA and AMPA receptors in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy implying zinc chelation.
2006
Summary: Purpose: Zinc chelation with diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) during nondamaging kainic acid administration enhances excitotoxicity to the level of cell damage. The objective of this work was to study the developing of the lesion in this model of temporal lobe epilepsy and the implications of the different types of glutamate receptors. Methods: The antagonist of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor MK-801, and the antagonist of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor GYKI52466, were used concomitantly with intraperitoneal administration of kainic acid (15 mg/kg) followed by DEDTC (150 mg/kg) in mouse. The animals were killed at different times from 4 …
Prognostic Value of Initial Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With Reperfused STEMI
2019
Abstract Objectives This study sought to establish the best definition of left ventricular adverse remodeling (LVAR) to predict outcomes and determine whether its assessment adds prognostic information to that obtained by early cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Background LVAR, usually defined as an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) is the main cause of heart failure after an ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction; however, the role of assessment of LVAR in predicting cardiovascular events remains controversial. Methods Patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction who received percutaneous coronary intervention within 6 h of symptom onset were included …
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study …
2020
Publisher's version (útgefin grein)
Inflammation-Induced Alteration of Astrocyte Mitochondrial Dynamics Requires Autophagy for Mitochondrial Network Maintenance
2013
Accumulating evidence suggests that changes in the metabolic signature of astrocytes underlie their response to neuroinflammation, but how proinflammatory stimuli induce these changes is poorly understood. By monitoring astrocytes following acute cortical injury, we identified a differential and region-specific remodeling of their mitochondrial network: while astrocytes within the penumbra of the lesion undergo mitochondrial elongation, those located in the core-the area invaded by proinflammatory cells-experience transient mitochondrial fragmentation. In brain slices, proinflammatory stimuli reproduced localized changes in mitochondrial dynamics, favoring fission over fusion. This effect w…
The cytotoxicity of mitomycin C and Adriamycin in genetically engineered V79 cell lines and freshly isolated rat hepatocytes
1995
The objective of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of Adriamycin (ADR) and mitomycin C (MMC) in tumor and non-tumor cells with respect to the role of cytochrome P450 (P450). Therefore, genetically engineered V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts expressing only single enzymes of P450 were used. SD1 and XEM2 cells expressed rat P450IIB1 and P450IA1, respectively, whereas the V79 parental cells contained no detectable P450 levels. The cytotoxicity of ADR and MMC in the V79 cell system was compared with that in freshly isolated hepatocytes from phenobarbital (PB-hepatocytes)- and beta-naphthoflavone (beta NF-hepatocytes)-induced rats. Following 24 h of exposure to ADR equal cytot…
Transitions in frailty phenotype states and components over 8 years: Evidence from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
2020
Abstract Aim Fried's frailty phenotype (FP) is defined by exhaustion (EX), unexplained weight loss (WL), weakness (WK), slowness (SL) and low physical activity (LA). Three or more components define the frail state, and one or two the prefrail. We described longitudinal transitions of FP states and components in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Methods We included participants aged ≥50 years with FP information at TILDA wave 1 (2010), who were followed-up over four longitudinal waves (2012, 2014, 2016, 2018). Next-wave transition probabilities were estimated with multi-state Markov models. Results 5683 wave 1 participants were included (2612 men and 3071 women; mean age 63.1 y…
A new alternative in vitro method for quantification of Toxoplasma gondii infectivity.
2011
An in vitro method to determine the infectious potency of an unknown suspension of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii based on kinetics of host cells lysis was developed. Mic1-3KO a mutant strain of T. gondii RH tachyzoites was inoculated in 25-cm² flasks containing a 90% confluent monolayer of human foreskin fibroblasts. Lysis kinetics was monitored for infection ratios ranging from 1∶10⁶ to 1∶10; we defined 10⁶ tachyzoites/ml⁻¹ as the threshold value for parasite egress. Results allowed us to build a calibration curve relating the initial infection ratios to the time needed to reach 10⁶ tachyzoites/ml⁻¹. Finally, we validated the method using a known mixture of dead and live parasit…