Search results for "decision."

Honest mistake or perhaps not: The role of descriptive and injunctive norms on the magnitude of dishonesty

2021

Trivial acts of dishonesty are very prevalent in everyday life and have severe economic and societal consequences. The present study aims to examine the role of descriptive and injunctive norms in minor and major dishonesty under ambiguity. We devised a novel experimental design in which rule violations can be the result of honest mistakes or various dishonest processes. In this ambiguous context, we observed a high prevalence of minor rule violations at baseline. In two experiments, exposure to increased peer cheating (i.e., negative descriptive norms) promoted major rule violations, whereas the presence of explicit or subtle rule reminders (i.e., injunctive norms) marginally reduced minor…

Deep learning enables robust assessment and selection of human blastocysts after in vitro fertilization

2019

AbstractVisual morphology assessment is routinely used for evaluating of embryo quality and selecting human blastocysts for transfer after in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, the assessment produces different results between embryologists and as a result, the success rate of IVF remains low. To overcome uncertainties in embryo quality, multiple embryos are often implanted resulting in undesired multiple pregnancies and complications. Unlike in other imaging fields, human embryology and IVF have not yet leveraged artificial intelligence (AI) for unbiased, automated embryo assessment. We postulated that an AI approach trained on thousands of embryos can reliably predict embryo quality with…

Reading changes in children and adolescents with dyslexia after transcranial direct current stimulation.

2016

Noninvasive brain stimulation offers the possibility to induce changes in cortical excitability and it is an interesting option as a remediation tool for the treatment of developmental disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on reading and reading-related skills of children and adolescents with dyslexia. Nineteen children and adolescents with dyslexia performed different reading and reading-related tasks (word, nonword, and text reading; lexical decision; phonemic blending; verbal working memory; rapid automatized naming) in a baseline condition without tDCS and after 20 min of exposure to three different tDCS conditions: left …

Business life in pursuit of economic and political advantages in early-nineteenth-century Finland

2012

Towards Automatic Testing of Reference Point Based Interactive Methods

2016

In order to understand strengths and weaknesses of optimization algorithms, it is important to have access to different types of test problems, well defined performance indicators and analysis tools. Such tools are widely available for testing evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithms. To our knowledge, there do not exist tools for analyzing the performance of interactive multiobjective optimization methods based on the reference point approach to communicating preference information. The main barrier to such tools is the involvement of human decision makers into interactive solution processes, which makes the performance of interactive methods dependent on the performance of huma…

An Artificial Decision Maker for Comparing Reference Point Based Interactive Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization Methods

2021

Comparing interactive evolutionary multiobjective optimization methods is controversial. The main difficulties come from features inherent to interactive solution processes involving real decision makers. The human can be replaced by an artificial decision maker (ADM) to evaluate methods quantitatively. We propose a new ADM to compare reference point based interactive evolutionary methods, where reference points are generated in different ways for the different phases of the solution process. In the learning phase, the ADM explores different parts of the objective space to gain insight about the problem and to identify a region of interest, which is studied more closely in the decision phas…

La ���circoscritta (e puntellata) area��� di incostituzionalit�� dell���art. 580 c.p. fra self-restraint della Corte costituzionale e perdurante iner…

2020

With the decision on the ���Cappato case��� the Constitutional Court did not create the right to medically assisted suicide, which, moreover, the constitutional order does not contemplate, but only identified a ���circumscribed area��� of unconstitutionality of art. 580 of the Italian Criminal Code, supporting it with regulatory and procedural props. In this way, the Court demonstrated its self-restraint respectful of Parliament���s discretion and underlined the persistence of the need for legislative intervention in such a sensitive matter.

Country Report Italia 2013. Le sfide decisionali per la salute e l’assistenza sanitaria in Italia.

2013

Insegnare a studiare in università

2009

LE AUTORITÀ INDIPENDENTI

2008

Dopo l'iniziale proliferazione a partire dalla fine degli anni '90, e la contestuale acquisizione di un ruolo sempre più rilevante nel sistema politico italiano, la vicenda delle Autorità indipendenti è stata contrassegnata da una fase di ripensamento e da un tentativo di razionalizzazione. A questa riflessione critica il volume ha proposto un contributo attraverso l'analisi empirica di aspetti salienti quali l'incisività dell'azione, il livello di autonomia, l'organizzazione interna, la cultura specialistica, l'attivismo e la visibilità dei vertici, il prestigio dei commissari, l'efficacia della comunicazione, il grado di attenzione politica suscitata, l'istituzionalizzazione. Il cap. 1 ri…