Search results for "default"

A feasibility analysis on the use of ultrasonic multihop communications for E-health applications

2017

Rise in population aging as well as diffusion of chronic diseases and health consciousness require constant monitoring of health conditions but also lead to increasing costs for the governments. Body Area Networks represent the next frontier in health care and are envisaged as the natural choice to provide detailed and updated information on health status to prevent health risks and diseases. However if, on the one hand, a large research effort has been devoted so far to the investigation of BAN communications on and around the body, on the other hand intra-BAN communications are still a scarcely explored area because of the difficulties and risks in successfully propagating signals inside …

Questions and controversies in the study of time-varying functional connectivity in resting fMRI.

2020

The brain is a complex, multiscale dynamical system composed of many interacting regions. Knowledge of the spatiotemporal organization of these interactions is critical for establishing a solid understanding of the brain’s functional architecture and the relationship between neural dynamics and cognition in health and disease. The possibility of studying these dynamics through careful analysis of neuroimaging data has catalyzed substantial interest in methods that estimate time-resolved fluctuations in functional connectivity (often referred to as “dynamic” or time-varying functional connectivity; TVFC). At the same time, debates have emerged regarding the application of TVFC analyses to re…

Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Brain Networks Related to Creative Thinking

2020

AbstractHuman creative thinking is unique and capable of generating novel and valuable ideas. Recent research has clarified the contribution of different brain networks (default mode network, DN; executive control network; salience network) to creative thinking. However, the effects of brain stimulation on brain networks during creative thinking and on creative performance have not been clarified. The present study was designed to examine the changes in functional connectivity (FC) and effective connectivity (EC) of the large-scale brain network, and the ensuing changes in creative performance, induced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Fourteen healthy male students underwe…

DEFAULT MODE NETWORK AND WORKING MEMORY NETWORK DURING AN FMRI WORKING MEMORY TASK: DIFFERENCES AND CORRELATIONS WITH BEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE

2013

INTRODUCTION Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that working memory load has marked effects on regional neural activation[1-5]. However, the mechanism through which working memory load modulates brain connectivity is still unclear. During a working memory task, two of the most involved networks are the default mode network (DMN) and the working memory network (WMN)[6-7]: the selective focus on these networks can be useful in better understanding the load effects. Spatial independent component analysis (ICA)[8] has becomes a reliable technique to investigate the networks involved during an fMRI task, as it extracts spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity maximizing spatial independe…

Corporate board and default risk of financial firms

2022

This paper analyses the impact of corporate board structure on default risk of European banking firms. We focus on four core aspects of boards that have been addressed in Directive 2013/36/ EU to strengthen the corporate governance of banks: the size of boards, their independence, the participation of female directors and CEO duality. We employ panel data analysis to study the 109 European listed banks between 2002 and 2019. Default risk is estimated by Merton’s (1974) distance to default. We take into account the presence of unobservable heterogeneity, simultaneity and dynamic endogeneity and estimate the model using the dynamic difference and dynamic system GMM methodologies. The results …

Notations et écarts de rentabilité : le marché français avant l'euro

2003

The main task of this paper is to confront two classical measures of default risk of the issuer, the rating and the spread. The first is attributed by agencies specialized in this activity (Standard and Poor's or Moody's) while the second results directly from the market price of the bond. This article studies this link over a period of two years for about forty French denominated bonds. Two measures of the spread are used and the results obtained show the very partial consideration of this information by the investors on the French bond market.

A Discrete-Time Hazard Model for Loans: Some Evidence from Italian Banking System

2012

Problem statement: The probability of default, PD, is a crucial probl em for banks. In the last years international accords (Basel, Basel 2 an d Basel 3) have incentived banks to adopt objective s systems to evaluating and monitoring risk of defaul t in order to predict PD for new loans based on borrower's characteristics. The aim of this study i s to introduce a discrete survival model to study t he risk of default and to propose the empirical eviden ce by the Italian banking system. Approach: Survival analysis is used if we are interested in w hether and when an event occurs. In this context th e event occurrence represents a borrower's transition from one state, loan in bonis that is not…

Ļaunprātīgas rīcības jēdziens Ženēvas 1956. gada 19. maija Konvencijā "Par kravu starptautisko autopārvadājumu līgumu (CMR)."

2015

CMR konvencijā pārvadātāju atbildība par pilnīgu vai daļēju kravas zaudējumu ir ierobežota. Tomēr 29. pantā ir ietverts izņēmums, kad pārvadātāja atbildība netiek ierobežota. 29. panta redakcija pieļauj ļoti atšķirīgu izpratni attiecībā uz to, kādos gadījumos pārvadātājs ir jāatbrīvo no atbildības. Darba mērķis ir padziļināti izpētīt ļaunprātīgas un tai pielīdzināmas rīcības jēdziena saturu, salīdzinot jēdziena izpratni Rietumeiropas valstīs un Latvijā. Darba ietvaros autors veiks konvencijas 29. panta teleoloģiskā un vēsturisko interpretāciju, kā arī aplūkos un analizēs valstu tiesu praksi 29. panta piemērošanā. Darba rezultāts ir izstrādāts pētījums, kurā ir uzskatāmi salīdzināta valstu i…

Classification of Schizophrenia Patients and Healthy Controls Using ICA of Complex-Valued fMRI Data and Convolutional Neural Networks

2019

Deep learning has contributed greatly to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis, however, spatial maps derived from fMRI data by independent component analysis (ICA), as promising biomarkers, have rarely been directly used to perform individualized diagnosis. As such, this study proposes a novel framework combining ICA and convolutional neural network (CNN) for classifying schizophrenia patients (SZs) and healthy controls (HCs). ICA is first used to obtain components of interest which have been previously implicated in schizophrenia. Functionally informative slices of these components are then selected and labelled. CNN is finally employed to learn hierarchical diagnostic fea…

2014

Bipolar disorder is characterized by a functional imbalance between hyperactive ventral/limbic areas and hypoactive dorsal/cognitive brain regions potentially contributing to affective and cognitive symptoms. Resting-state studies in bipolar disorder have identified abnormal functional connectivity between these brain regions. However, most of these studies used a seed-based approach, thus restricting the number of regions that were analyzed. Using data-driven approaches, researchers identified resting state networks whose spatial maps overlap with frontolimbic areas such as the default mode network, the frontoparietal networks, the salient network, and the meso/paralimbic network. These ne…