Search results for "demographic"

A Cross-Country Study of Workers' Skills and Unemployment Flows

2017

Using an international survey that directly assesses the cognitive skills of the adult population, I study the relation between skills and unemployment flows across 37 countries. Depending on the specifically assessed domain, I document that skills have an unconditional correlation with the log-risk-ratio of exiting to entering unemployment of 0.65–0.68 across the advanced and skill-abundant countries in the sample. The relation is remarkably robust and it is unlikely to be due to reverse causality. I do not find evidence that this positive relation extends to the seven relatively less advanced and less skill-abundant countries in the sample: Peru, Ecuador, Indonesia, Mexico, Chile, Turkey …

2019

Despite being the first country in the world to introduce paternity leave in 1978, Finland’s current national leave scheme is complex with regard to incentivizing fathers’ take-up. Taking the unique Finnish leave scheme as a case example, this article examines fathers’ motivations and barriers to leave. Although research on fathers’ take-up of leave in divergent leave policy contexts has increased dramatically, fathers’ motivations and barriers to leave have remained underresearched. The article reports on a survey sample of 852 Finnish fathers of infants who were taking paternity, parental, and other forms of leave, drawn from the Population Register Center. Results show that less than 20…

Les incitations à l'innovation dans le secteur privé

2011

En ligne sur http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=REL_792_0045; International audience; L'innovation est devenue un facteur clé de la croissance économique. La question des incitations à l'innovation au sein des entreprises est donc primordiale. Dans ce papier, nous nous intéressons au type d'incitations monétaires reçues par les inventeurs au sein des entreprises avec une attention particulière à la mobilité inter-entreprise de ces derniers. Les résultats montrent un rendement salarial positif pour les inventeurs, celui-ci est plus important pour les inventeurs ayant connu une mobilité inter-entreprise, ce qui pourrait suggérer que les entreprises sont prêtes à payer les connaissa…

Unemployment and Migration: Does Moving Help?

2002

Abstract The migration behaviour of the unemployed in Finland is analysed in terms of the causal effectof moving on individual employment status. In 1994, 17 percent of the labour force wasunemployed and the unemployment rate exhibited a very slow decline in 1994–1996. Overhalf of those who were unemployed at the end of 1994 were still unemployed two years later.The propensity to find a job is somewhat greater among migrants. However, the positive effectof moving diminishes once other personal characteristics are accounted for. Moreover, whencontrolling for endogenous migrant selectivity, an insignificant or even negative effect onemployment status emerges. This indicates that the relatively …

A Comparison of Finnish and United States Franchisee Satisfaction

2004

This paper investigates, using a multi-dimensional model, differences between franchisee satisfaction in Finland and the United States. Comparison of Finnish and American franchisee satisfaction levels is made across eight dimensions of franchisee satisfaction. Data was collected using a postal survey of Quick Service Restaurant (Hamburger) franchisees in Finland and the United States. Results show franchisees in Finland and the United States are overall equally satisfied. Data analysis revealed that for four of the eight dimensions, franchisees in both countries have statistically equal levels of satisfaction. However, for the other four dimensions, a statistical difference exists between …

Ornithological communities as indicators of recent transformations on a regional scale: the case of the Sicily island.

2014

A study on the Sicilian avifauna changes and its existing connections with the land use variations has been carried out from the 80s till today. We compared the Sicilian ornithological data acquired from the atlas maps with the regional land use maps data. We examined the land use variations and the distribution changes of some bird species on a regional level. To this aim, we analyzed the spatial distribution data of the birds in the period from 1984-1992 and 1993-2006. Moreover we examined the land use data of the period going from 1987-1988 and 1993-2000. After a preliminary analysis, we selected target species linked to different environments. Forest: Great spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopo…

Spillover outcomes of job insecurity: differences among men and women (Consecuencias indirectas de la inseguridad laboral: diferencias entre hombres …

2021

A vast literature on job insecurity can be found. However, there are still several significant research gaps. Little attention has been paid to the spillover effect of job insecurity on employees’ ...

Child personality characteristics and selection into long-term unemployment in Finnish and Swedish longitudinal samples

2003

The main aim of the present study was to test a model of selection into long-term unemployment obtained for a sample of 36-year-old Finns (Kokko, Pulkkinen, & Puustinen, 2000) to see whether it similarly explained long-term unemployment among 26- to 27-year-old Finns and Swedes. The participants were drawn from two ongoing longitudinal studies: the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (conducted in Finland) and the Individual Development and Adaptation study (conducted in Sweden). At both ages, that is 36 and 26–27, low education was related to long-term unemployment, and explained by personality characteristics in middle childhood, such as low self-contro…

Personal income tax reform in Latvia: assessment of effect

2019

Personal income tax (PIT) policy in Latvia has been changed significantly in 2018 with the aim to reduce the tax burden and increase the income of working population by amending progressive tax rates and increasing the non-taxable minimum and minimum wage. Purpose − the aim of this study is to estimate the impact of PIT reform by assessing the effect of implementation of non-taxable minimum, deductions and substantiated spending on the dynamics of income and tax administration efficiency. Research methodology − PIT theoretic and normative concepts have been analyzed; unpublished data on actual wages in 2015−2018 provided by Latvian State Revenue Service and State Social Insurance Agency hav…

Network dilemmas. Supplements when income doesn’t cover family expenses

2017

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to explore how families with low income experience network supplements when income does not cover the daily expenses, and to discuss how people look at this supply. The article is based on qualitative data from the Norwegian ‘Children’s level of living – study’. One child and one parent in 26 low income families were interviewed individually about their daily life. This article is based on interviews with the parents, and the analyses are inspired by grounded theory. Results: Despite a universal welfare system, people firstly turn to family and social network when they are in need. This is, however, an ambiguous experience and the informants are concer…