Search results for "density"

showing 10 items of 4402 documents

Scientific Merits and Analytical Challenges of Tree‐Ring Densitometry

2019

X-ray microdensitometry on annually resolved tree-ring samples has gained an exceptional position in last-millennium paleoclimatology through the maximum latewood density (MXD) parameter, but also increasingly through other density parameters. For 50 years, X-ray based measurement techniques have been the de facto standard. However, studies report offsets in the mean levels for MXD measurements derived from different laboratories, indicating challenges of accuracy and precision. Moreover, reflected visible light-based techniques are becoming increasingly popular, and wood anatomical techniques are emerging as a potentially powerful pathway to extract density information at the highest resol…

Accuracy and precision010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesComputer scienceResolution (electron density)X ray densitometry010502 geochemistry & geophysicscomputer.software_genre01 natural sciencesGeophysics13. Climate actionRelevance (information retrieval)Data miningcomputer0105 earth and related environmental sciencesDe facto standardReviews of Geophysics
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Cladosins L-O, new hybrid polyketides from the endophytic fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum WBS017

2019

Abstract The endophytic fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum WBS017 was obtained from healthy bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis. Fermentation of C. sphaerospermum on solid rice medium yielded three new hybrid polyketides, cladosins L−N (1–3), and a known derivative cladodionen (4). Further cultivation of this fungus on white bean medium afforded an additional new hybrid polyketide, cladosin O (5) along with three known analogues (6–8). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using a combination of NMR and HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations of compounds 2 and 3 were determined by Mosher’s method and TDDFT-ECD calculations. All isolated compounds were evaluated…

Acinetobacter baumanniiStaphylococcus aureusAntifungal AgentsUstilagoStereochemistryAntineoplastic AgentsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeFungusmedicine.disease_cause01 natural sciencesMiceStructure-Activity Relationship03 medical and health sciencesPolyketideCell Line TumorDrug DiscoveryEnterococcus faecalisUstilagomedicineAnimalsDensity Functional TheoryCell Proliferation030304 developmental biologyPharmacology0303 health sciencesDose-Response Relationship DrugMolecular Structurebiology010405 organic chemistryChemistryOrganic ChemistryFritillaria unibracteataMycobacterium tuberculosisGeneral Medicinebiology.organism_classificationAntimicrobialAnti-Bacterial Agents0104 chemical sciencesStaphylococcus aureusPolyketidesPseudomonas aeruginosaFermentationDrug Screening Assays AntitumorAntibacterial activityCladosporiumEuropean Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
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Calculations of high-power production target and beamdump for the GSI future Super-FRS for a fast extraction scheme at the FAIR Facility

2005

A superconducting fragment separator (Super-FRS) is being designed for the production and separation of radioactive isotopes at the future FAIR (Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research) facility at Darmstadt. This paper discusses various aspects and requirements for the high-power production target that will be used in the Super-FRS experiments. The production target must survive over an extended period of time as it will be used during the course of many experiments. The specific power deposited by the high intensity beam that will be generated at the future FAIR facility will be high enough to destroy the target in most of the cases as a result of a single shot from the new heavy ion sy…

Acoustics and UltrasonicsChemistryLiquid jetNuclear engineeringSeparator (oil production)Condensed Matter PhysicsThermal conductionSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsIonNuclear physicsAntiprotonIrradiationBeam energyPower densityJournal of Physics D: Applied Physics
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Effects of post-growth annealing on structural and compositional properties of the Co2Cr0.6Fe0.4Al surface and its relevance for the surface electron…

2009

In this study we investigate the influence of post-growth annealing on different Co2Cr0.6Fe0.4Al samples. We find strong changes in the geometric surface structure as well as in the element specific concentrations during the annealing process. These irreversible changes go in hand with characteristic changes in the electron spin polarization (ESP) at the surface: as observed in Cinchetti et al (2007 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 1544), the iron buffered sample shows the largest spin polarization at the Fermi level. The latter remains positive as a consequence of the reduced density of states for the minority carriers due to the predicted minority gap, which can be clearly seen for all samples …

Acoustics and UltrasonicsCondensed matter physicsSpin polarizationChemistryBand gapAnnealing (metallurgy)Fermi levelBinding energyPost growth annealingCondensed Matter PhysicsSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialssymbols.namesakesymbolsDensity of statesSurface structureJournal of Physics D: Applied Physics
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Binding of a fluorescent dansylcadaverine-substance P analogue to negatively charged phospholipid membranes.

2000

Abstract We have investigated the binding of a new dansylcadaverine derivative of substance P (DNC-SP) with negatively charged small unilamellar vesicles composed of a mixture of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and either phosphatidylglycerol (PG) or phosphatidylserine (PS) using fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The changes in fluorescence properties were used to obtain association isotherms at variable membrane negative charges and at different ionic strengths. The experimental association isotherms were analyzed using two binding approaches: (i) the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the partition equilibrium model, that neglect the activity coefficients; and (ii) the partition equilibrium m…

Activity coefficientVesicleLipid BilayersAnalytical chemistryLangmuir adsorption modelCharge densityGeneral MedicineSubstance PBiochemistryBinding constantFluorescencechemistry.chemical_compoundsymbols.namesakeMembranechemistryModels ChemicalStructural BiologyPhosphatidylcholinePartition equilibriumCadaverinesymbolsMolecular BiologyPhospholipidsFluorescent DyesProtein BindingInternational journal of biological macromolecules
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IMPROVE-IT: what have we learned?

2016

Purpose of review: Recent studies and dyslipidemia treatment guidelines indicate that combination lipid-lowering therapy is frequently needed and its use has increased in recent years. Ezetimibe and simvastatin as a fixed dose is an efficacious treatment choice based on positive results of the recent IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial (IMPROVE-IT). In this review, we discuss recent controversies surrounding ezetimibe and provide clinical perspective on the results of the IMPROVE-IT study. Recent findings: IMPROVE-IT is the first trial that demonstrates a significant clinical benefit of a nonstatin hypolipidemic agent (ezetimibe) used in combination with sta…

Acute coronary syndromeSimvastatinHypercholesterolemia030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyPharmacologyFixed dose03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicinePharmacotherapyEzetimibeMedicineHumansLow-density lipoprotein cholesterol030212 general & internal medicineAcute Coronary SyndromeIMPROVE-IT trialbusiness.industryCholesterolAnticholesteremic AgentsAnticholesteremic Agentsnutritional and metabolic diseasesCholesterol LDLmedicine.diseaseCardiovascular riskEzetimibeTreatment OutcomechemistrySimvastatinAzetidinesDrug Therapy CombinationHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsbusinessCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineDyslipidemiamedicine.drugCurrent opinion in cardiology
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Tissue characterization of benign brain tumors: Use of NMR-tissue parameters

1988

Abstract To evaluate the potentials of NMR tissue parameters for tissue characterization we investigated 68 patients with benign brain tumors. Tissue parameters were accurately measured by a recently developed interlaced triple sequence. Each individual tumor was characterized by a set of three numbers (relaxation times T 1 and T 2 and proton density Rho). Different tumors exhibited significant overlaps of the three tissue parameters. Therefore a reliable prediction of the histological diagnosis based on the quantitative analysis of tissue parameters alone was not possible. T 2 -prolongation correlated well with water content and “regressive changes” in meningiomas and neuromas.

AdenomaPathologymedicine.medical_specialtyBrain NeoplasmsChemistryBiomedical EngineeringBiophysicsBenign brain tumorsBrainNeuroma AcousticTissue characterizationImage EnhancementMagnetic Resonance ImagingModels StructuralCraniopharyngiomaBody WaterHistological diagnosismedicineHumansPituitary NeoplasmsRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingMeningiomaProton densityQuantitative analysis (chemistry)Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Physicochemical characterization of passive films on niobium by admittance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies

2005

An analysis of the electronic properties of amorphous semiconductor-electrolyte junction is reported for thin (D ox < 20 nm) passive film grown on Nb in acidic electrolyte. It will be shown that the theory of amorphous semiconductor-electrolyte junction (a-SC/EI) both in the low band-bending and high band-bending regime is able to explain the admittance data of a-Nb 2 O 5 /El interface in a large range (10 Hz-10 kHz) of frequency and electrode potential values. A modelling of experimental EIS data at different potentials and in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz-100 kHz is presented based on the theory of amorphous semiconductor and compared with the results of the fitting of the admittance data…

AdmittanceChemistryGeneral Chemical EngineeringNiobiumAnalytical chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementphysicochemical characterization; semiconductor-electrolyte junction; electrochemical impedance spectroscopyElectrolyteAmorphous solidDielectric spectroscopysemiconductor-electrolyte junctionelectrochemical impedance spectroscopySettore ING-IND/23 - Chimica Fisica Applicataphysicochemical characterizationElectrochemistryDensity of statesElectrical impedanceElectrode potential
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Association of developmental coordination disorder and low motor competence with impaired bone health: A systematic review.

2021

Aims Individuals with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and low motor competence (LMC) may be at increased risk of low bone health due to their lifetime physical activity patterns. Impaired bone health increases an individual’s risk of osteoporosis and fracture; therefore, it is necessary to determine whether a bone health detriment is present in this group. Accordingly, this systematic review explores the association between DCD/LMC and bone health. Methods and Procedures Studies were included with assessment of bone health in a DCD/LMC population. Study bias was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. Due to heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not possible and narrative …

AdolescentMovementosteoporoosiluuWeight-Bearingmotorinen kehitysBone DensityDevelopmental and Educational PsychologyHumansmotoriset taidotChildluunmurtumatdyspraksiaExercisekaatuminenRehabilitationMotor Skills DisordersClinical PsychologyFracture1117 Public Health and Health Services 1303 Specialist Studies in Education 1701 PsychologykehityshäiriötOsteoporosisFallsterveysriskitfyysinen aktiivisuusResearch in developmental disabilities
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The influence of food competition and host specificity on the transmission of Triaenophorus crassus (Cestoda) and Cystidicola farionis (Nematoda) to …

2000

Abstract As a superior competitor for planktonic food, vendace ( Coregonus albula ), when abundant, is expected to displace whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus ) from feeding on plankton and to force it to rely more on benthic food. The predicted result would be a reduced abundance of the copepod-transmitted cestode Triaenophorus crassus in whitefish, but an increase in the abundance of the nematode Cystidicola farionis transmitted via benthic amphipods. We studied the occurrence of both parasites in whitefish during 1991–1996 in three interconnected areas at Lake Saimaa, Finland, where the densities of the vendace stocks varied due to natural fluctuation in year-class strengths. In accordance …

AdolescentNematodaPopulationSpirurida InfectionsBiologyPopulation densityZooplanktonHost-Parasite InteractionsFish DiseasesfoodCoregonus lavaretusCrustaceaCoregonus albulaAnimalsHumansCoregonuseducationSalmonidaeFinlandeducation.field_of_studyfood.dishEcologyfungiFeeding Behaviorbiology.organism_classificationCestode InfectionsInfectious DiseasesCestodaParasitologyCopepodSalmonidaeSpiruroideaInternational journal for parasitology
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