Search results for "depression"
showing 10 items of 1778 documents
[Spanish asthma patients' beliefs about health and medicines: validation of 2 questionnaires].
2008
Abstract Objective We translated 2 health beliefs questionnaires–an instrument based on the health belief model (HBM) containing 19 items in 6 domains and the Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) containing 18 items divided into a general and a specific section–and then administered and validated them in a group of Spanish patients with asthma. Patients and Methods In 2 clinical visits data were collected on 126 patients with stable asthma of different levels of severity. At the first visit, the patients underwent spirometry and were asked questions about sociodemographic factors and clinical history. At the second visit, they completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Dep…
A Confirmatory Study on the Mechanisms Behind Reduced P300 Waves in Depression
2003
A single-trial analysis of event-related potentials (P300) of 21 depressives was performed in comparison with matched controls. The purpose was to confirm previous results revealing an overall reduction of the single-trial P300 amplitude in depression despite fewer elicited single-trial P300 waves in schizophrenics. The result of the present study is in line with our previous investigation implicating a general reduced P300 amplitude on single trials of depressive patients. Therefore, it appears possible to differentiate depressives and schizophrenics by measuring event-related potentials and applying a single-trial analysis of them.
Psychological distress associated with the COVID-19 lockdown: A two-wave network analysis
2021
Abstract Background Although preliminary research has evidenced negative psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population, little research has been carried out examining the interplay among the broader dimensions and correlates of individual distress. Via network analysis, the current study investigated the pathways that underlie some components of psychological distress and their changes over time (during and post COVID-19-related lockdown). Methods 1,129 adult participants (79.1% women) completed a two-wave online survey during and after the lockdown, and reported on variables such as depression, anxiety, stress, fear of COVID, intolerance of uncertainty, e…
Recalled parental rearing behavior in adult women and men with depressive and anxiety symptoms: Findings from a community study.
2020
Objectives: Addressing the lack of population-based data, the purpose of this representative study was to assess sex- and age-specific associations of maternal and paternal rearing behavior with depressiveness and anxiety controlling for sociodemographic and somatic variables. Methods: 8,175 subjects participating in a population-based study completed standardized questionnaires measuring Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior and distress. Results: Women recalled their fathers as more controlling and warmer, and their mothers as more rejecting than men. Comparisons between age groups (≤ 60 vs. > 60 years) revealed that younger participants recalled more parental control and emotional warmth. I…
High psychosocial burden in relatives of malignant brain tumor patients
2018
Not only tumor patients suffer enormously from their disease, also the caregivers are massively affected by the disease of their relatives. In this study, we investigate the psychological burden in caregivers of outpatient malignant brain tumor patients.Fifty caregivers of patients with primary malignant brain tumors were included in our study. Study participants filled in a form with demographic details, a self-established questionnaire concerning general well-being and three established psychological questionnaires to assess anxiety, depression, stress and social support: The "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale" (HADS), the "Perceived Stress Scale" (PSS-10) and the "Social Support Ques…
Defining response and remission in psychotherapy research: A comparison of the RCI and the method of percent improvement
2011
There is no consensus as to how to define response and remission for mental disorder treatments. The Reliable Change Index (RCI) is most commonly used in psychotherapy research, whereas psychopharmacologists prefer to calculate percentage of improvement (PI). We compared both methods using the Beck Depression Inventory in 395 depressive outpatients. The overall pre-post effect size was d=1.18. The PI-50 (≥ 50% improvement from baseline) resulted in outcome estimates higher than the RCI: 66.3% vs. 59.2% for response and 50.6% vs. 45.8% for remission. We demonstrate that the PI approach is independent of arbitrarily chosen reliabilities and reference populations. Furthermore, it takes differe…
Comparative analysis of observer depression scales
1985
Abstract The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Bech Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMS) and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) are analyzed according to mean discriminatory power, internal consistency, homogeneity and transferability. The analysis was done separately in different samples of patients with depressive syndromes: a) operationally defined depressive syndrome; b) Major Depressive Disorder (RDC); c) Major Depressive Disorder, endogenous type (RDC). BRMS and MADRS were superior to HAMD in all evaluated aspects. Further, the BRMS was superior to MADRS according to the criteria of homogeneity and transferability.
Reliability and validity of the Newcastle Scales in relation to ICD-9-classification
1987
The assessment of endogenous depression by means of the Newcastle Scales (1965, 1971) has been validated by their correlation with biological findings in many previous studies. However, reliability and cross validation studies are lacking for these scales. We found the reliability of the Newcastle Scales to be sufficient or at least moderate in a sample of 70 inpatients with major depression. In order to cross validate both scales, the clinical classification according to ICD-9 and the assessment of the Newcastle Scales have been performed independently in a sample of 112 inpatients with Major Depressive Disorder (RDC). The rate of agreement between clinical diagnosis and classification acc…
Brain density in depression: methodological and psychopathological aspects
1988
The relationship between brain density, measured by computerized tomography (CT), and severity of depression was investigated in 44 patients with a major depressive episode according to DSM-III. In order to limit methodological problems, correlations between both the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMS) with density values were controlled for age, different ventricle measurements, brain size, and density and size of the skull. The BRMS score correlated inversely with density of the right thalamus, the right head of the caudate, and with parietal grey matter and occipital regions of both hemispheres. Similar, but nonsignificant results, were o…
A polydiagnostic scale for dimensional classification of endogenous depression. Derivation and validation.
1986
Several operational diagnoses (OPD) for endogenous depression have been proposed. However--though aiming at similar clinical concepts--the amount of association and agreement between different OPD is rather low. In this study the relationship between eight OPD (Research Diagnostic Criteria, DSM-III, Michigan Discrimination Index, Newcastle Scale I, Newcastle Scale II, Taylor-Abrams Criteria, Vienna Research Criteria, Hamilton Endogenomorphy Index) was assessed by applying latent trait analyses to the classificatory data of these eight OPD which were rated simultaneously in a sample of 173 depressive inpatients. According to these analyses six OPD (RDC, DSM-III, NCS-I, NCS-II, TAC and VRC) a…