Search results for "derived"
showing 10 items of 452 documents
Anxiolytic effects of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors agonist oxotremorine in chronically stressed rats and related changes in BDNF and FGF2 level…
2017
Rationale: In depressive disorders, one of the mechanisms proposed for antidepressant drugs is the enhancement of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Previously, we showed that the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist oxotremorine (Oxo) increases neuronal plasticity in hippocampal neurons via FGFR1 transactivation. Objectives: Here, we aimed to explore (a) whether Oxo exerts anxiolytic effect in the rat model of anxiety-depression-like behavior induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS), and (b) if the anxiolytic effect of Oxo is associated with the modulation of neurotrophic factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and fibroblast growth factor-2…
Neuronal Excitability And Spontaneous Synaptic Transmission In The Entorhinal Cortex Of Bdnf Heterozygous Mice
2018
Abstract Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) is a neutrophic factor that is required for the normal neuronal development and function. BDNF is involved in regulation of synapses as well as neuronal excitability. Entorhinal Cortex (EC) is a key brain area involved in many physiological and pathological processes. In this study we investigated the effects of chronically reduced BDNF levels on layer 3 pyramidal neurons of EC. We aimed to assess the effects of reduced levels of BDNF on firing properties, spontaneous synaptic currents and excitation/inhibition balance from acute brain slices. Patch clamp recordings were obtained from pyramidal neurons of Entorhinal Cortex Layer 3. Findings o…
Evidence-Based Clinical Use of Nanoscale Extracellular Vesicles in Nanomedicine
2016
collaboration au projet H2020 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program European Network on Microvesicles and Exosomes in Health and Disease (ME-HAD); International audience; Recent research has demonstrated that all body fluids assessed contain substantial amounts of vesicles that range in size from 30 to 1000 nm and that are surrounded by phospholipid membranes containing different membrane microdomains such as lipid rafts and caveolae. The most prominent representatives of these so-called extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized exosomes (70-150 nm), which are derivatives of the endosomal system, and microvesicles (100-1000 nm), which are produced by outward budding…
Adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) as a new regenerative immediate therapy combating coronavirus (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia.
2020
A coronavirus (HCoV-19) has caused the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China. Preventing and reversing the cytokine storm may be the key to save the patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to possess a comprehensive powerful immunomodulatory function. This study aims to investigate whether MSC transplantation improves the outcome of 7 enrolled patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Beijing YouAn Hospital, China, from Jan 23, 2020 to Feb 16, 2020. The clinical outcomes, as well as changes of inflammatory and immune function levels and adverse effects of 7 enrolled patients were assessed for 14 days after MSC injection. MSCs …
The Anti-apoptotic Murine Cytomegalovirus Protein vMIA-m38.5 Induces Mast Cell Degranulation.
2020
Mast cells (MC) represent "inbetweeners" of the immune system in that they are part of innate immunity by acting as first-line sentinels for environmental antigens but also provide a link to adaptive immunity by secretion of chemokines that recruit CD8 T cells to organ sites of infection. An interrelationship between MC and cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been a blank area in science until recently when the murine model revealed a role for MC in the resolution of pulmonary infection by murine CMV (mCMV). As to the mechanism, MC were identified as a target cell type of mCMV. Infected MC degranulate and synthesize the CC-chemokine ligand-5 (CCL-5), which is released to attract protective virus-spec…
An Inflammatory Profile Correlates With Decreased Frequency of Cytotoxic Cells in Coronavirus Disease 2019
2020
Abstract Increased production of inflammatory cytokines and myeloid-derived suppressor cells occurs in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. These inversely correlated with perforin-expressing natural killer (NK) and CD3+ T cells. We observed a lower number of perforin-expressing NK cells in intensive care unit (ICU) patients compared with non-ICU patients, suggesting an impairment of the immune cytotoxic arm as a pathogenic mechanism.
Mesenchymal Transition of High-Grade Breast Carcinomas Depends on Extracellular Matrix Control of Myeloid Suppressor Cell Activity
2016
SummaryThe extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes to the biological and clinical heterogeneity of breast cancer, and different prognostic groups can be identified according to specific ECM signatures. In high-grade, but not low-grade, tumors, an ECM signature characterized by high SPARC expression (ECM3) identifies tumors with increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), reduced treatment response, and poor prognosis. To better understand how this ECM3 signature is contributing to tumorigenesis, we expressed SPARC in isogenic cell lines and found that SPARC overexpression in tumor cells reduces their growth rate and induces EMT. SPARC expression also results in the formation of a h…
Myeloid cells as orchestrators of the tumor microenvironment: novel targets for nanoparticular cancer therapy.
2016
Macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells are central players of a heterogeneous myeloid cell population, with the ability to suppress innate and adaptive immune responses and thus to promote tumor growth. Their influx and local proliferation are mainly induced by the cancers themselves, and their numbers in the tumor microenvironment and the peripheral blood correlate with decreased survival. Therapeutic targeting these innate immune cells, either aiming at their elimination or polarization toward tumor suppressive cells is an attractive novel approach to control tumor progression and block metastasis. We review the current understanding of cancer immun…
Extracellular vesicles: interneural shuttles of complex messages.
2016
A core function of neural cells is the exchange and integration of information. Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes and microvesicles recently entered the scene of neuroscience as novel vehicles transmitting complex signals between neural cells. Carrying a defined but mixed cargo of biomolecules, extracellular vesicles possess versatile biological activities with the ability to profoundly modulate the molecular configuration and behaviour of target cells. Extracellular vesicles are suggested to carry out functions during neural development and maintenance, they appear to spread neuropathology and furthermore, convey neuroprotection and regeneration. Understanding the molecular mechanism…
The Elastin-Derived Peptide VGVAPG Does Not Activate the Inflammatory Process in Mouse Cortical Astrocytes In Vitro.
2019
Abstract During vascular aging or in pathological conditions in humans, elastin is degraded and its by-products, the elastin-derived peptides (EDPs), enter the blood circulation. EDPs may be detected in the serum of healthy subjects or people who suffered a stroke. Moreover, recent evidence suggests a potential role of inflammatory mechanisms in neurological conditions, which are usually not categorized as inflammatory. Therefore, the present in vitro study was conducted to investigate the impact of the VGVAPG peptide on the activation of inflammatory process in mouse primary astrocytes, which were maintained in phenol red-free DMEM/F12 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells we…