Search results for "development."
showing 10 items of 26708 documents
Oncolytic targeting of renal cell carcinoma via encephalomyocarditis virus
2010
Apoptosis is a fundamental host defence mechanism against invading microbes. Inactivation of NF-kappaB attenuates encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) virulence by triggering rapid apoptosis of infected cells, thereby pre-emptively limiting viral replication. Recent evidence has shown that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) increases NF-kappaB-mediated anti-apoptotic response in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) that commonly exhibit hyperactivation of HIF due to the loss of its principal negative regulator, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor protein. Here, we show that EMCV challenge induces a strong NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression profile concomitant with a lack of interferon-me…
PTC124-mediated translational readthrough of a nonsense mutation causing Usher syndrome type 1C.
2011
We investigated the therapeutic potential of the premature termination codon (PTC) readthrough-inducing drug PTC124 in treating the retinal phenotype of Usher syndrome, caused by a nonsense mutation in the USH1C gene. Applications in cell culture, organotypic retina cultures, and mice in vivo revealed significant readthrough and the recovery of protein function. In comparison with other readthrough drugs, namely the clinically approved readthrough-inducing aminoglycoside gentamicin, PTC124 exhibits significant better retinal biocompatibility. Its high readthrough efficiency in combination with excellent biocompatibility makes PTC124 a promising therapeutic agent for PTCs in USH1C, as well a…
Why viruses sometimes disperse in groups?
2019
AbstractMany organisms disperse in groups, yet this process is understudied in viruses. Recent work, however, has uncovered different types of collective infectious units, all of which lead to the joint delivery of multiple viral genome copies to target cells, favoring co-infections. Collective spread of viruses can occur through widely different mechanisms, including virion aggregation driven by specific extracellular components, cloaking inside lipid vesicles, encasement in protein matrices, or binding to cell surfaces. Cell-to-cell viral spread, which allows the transmission of individual virions in a confined environment, is yet another mode of clustered virus dissemination. Nevertheles…
Tumor targeting of baculovirus displaying a lymphatic homing peptide.
2008
Background Tumor-associated cells and vasculature express attractive molecular markers for site-specific vector targeting. To attain tumor-selective tropism, we recently developed a baculovirus vector displaying the lymphatic homing peptide LyP-1, originally identified by ex vivo/in vivo screening of phage display libraries, on the viral envelope by fusion to the transmembrane anchor of vesicular stomatitis virus G-protein. Methods In the present study, we explored the specificity and kinetics of viral binding and internalization as well as in vivo tumor homing of the LyP-1 displaying virus to elucidate the applicability of baculovirus for targeted therapies. Results We demonstrated that th…
Visual Contrast Modulates Operant Learning Responses in Larval Zebrafish.
2018
The larval zebrafish is a promising vertebrate model organism to study neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory due to its small brain and rich behavioral repertoire. Here, we report on a high-throughput operant conditioning system for zebrafish larvae, which can simultaneously train 12 fish to associate a visual conditioned pattern with electroshocks. We find that the learning responses can be enhanced by the visual contrast, not the spatial features of the conditioned patterns, highlighted by several behavioral metrics. By further characterizing the learning curves as well as memory extinction, we demonstrate that the percentage of learners and the memory length increase as the co…
(A,B) In vivo GCaMP6f signals recorded in layers M1, M5 and M9/10 of Mi1 (A) and Tm3 (B) neurons, before (blue, green) and after (gray, red) applicat…
2019
Sensory systems sequentially extract increasingly complex features. ON and OFF pathways, for example, encode increases or decreases of a stimulus from a common input. This ON/OFF pathway split is thought to occur at individual synaptic connections through a sign-inverting synapse in one of the pathways. Here, we show that ON selectivity is a multisynaptic process in the Drosophila visual system. A pharmacogenetics approach demonstrates that both glutamatergic inhibition through GluClα and GABAergic inhibition through Rdl mediate ON responses. Although neurons postsynaptic to the glutamatergic ON pathway input L1 lose all responses in GluClα mutants, they are resistant to a cell-type-specifi…
Motion perception in early glaucoma
2013
Purpose: The aim of our study was to underline the changes in the movement perception for early glaucoma. Our working hypothesis consisted in inquiring if the impairment of the magnocellular pathway may modify the movement perception capabilities in the visual field, more particularly in its peripheral area.Methods: We included 14 healthy subjects and 14 patients with early primary open angle glaucoma. A moving target was presented on a semicircular screen (1.8 m diameter); participants were asked to localize the Ending Point (EP) of each movement. Each stimulus consisted in a white dot (0,72° of diameter) moving horizontally with the imposed velocity profile. Two different laws of motion w…
Explicit behavioral detection of visual changes develops without their implicit neurophysiological detectability
2011
Change blindness is a failure of reporting major changes across consecutive images if separated, e.g., by a brief blank interval. Successful change detection across interrupts requires focal attention to the changes. However, findings of implicit detection of visual changes during change blindness have raised the question of whether the implicit mode is necessary for development of the explicit mode. To this end, we recorded the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) of the event-related potentials (ERPs) of the brain, an index of implicit pre-attentive visual change detection, in adult humans performing an oddball-variant of change blindness flicker task. Images of 500 ms in duration were prese…
AnatomySketch : An Extensible Open-Source Software Platform for Medical Image Analysis Algorithm Development
2021
AbstractThe development of medical image analysis algorithm is a complex process including the multiple sub-steps of model training, data visualization, human–computer interaction and graphical user interface (GUI) construction. To accelerate the development process, algorithm developers need a software tool to assist with all the sub-steps so that they can focus on the core function implementation. Especially, for the development of deep learning (DL) algorithms, a software tool supporting training data annotation and GUI construction is highly desired. In this work, we constructed AnatomySketch, an extensible open-source software platform with a friendly GUI and a flexible plugin interfac…
Positive Effects of Videogame Use on Visuospatial Competencies: The Impact of Visualization Style in Preadolescents and Adolescents
2019
Use of videogames (VGs) is almost ubiquitous in preadolescents' and adolescents' everyday life. One of the most intriguing research topics about positive effects of VG use is about the domain of visuospatial competencies. Previous research show that training with videogames enables children and adolescents to improve their scores in visuospatial tests (such as mental rotation of shapes and cubes), and that such training could overcome gender differences in these domains. Our study aimed at (1) verifying the positive effects of videogame use in the visuospatial domain both for male and female adolescents and preadolescents and (2) verifying whether the visualization style (2D or isometric 3D…